岩溶山区隧道施工突水次生浅表地层土洞与塌陷灾害机理研究

The study is based on Dadushan tunnel and Gangwu tunnel of Shanghai to Kunming high-speed railway and Wulingshan tunnel of the Qianzhangchang railway. Through the investigation and detection of existing typical karst on the tunnel surface, combined with existing tunnel hydrology and engineering geological data analysis, the spatial distribution model of karst collapse of rock - soil - groundwater is established. Apply field sensors and laser scanning to study the development regularity of karst collapse disaster. Using numerical methods to study variation of groundwater dynamic condition in the condition when water level change suddenly because of water bursting. With the methods of model simulation and numerical analysis, the change of pore water pressure, atmospheric pressure and the deformation of soil in water bursting condition are analyzed and thus the formation mechanism and development rule of karst collapse can be studied. Using analysis and theoretical calculation of the model test result to explore the reaction between geological conditions, engineering factors (displacement tunnel, tunnel depth, and tunnel project size etc.), climatic conditions, etc. and surface subsidence collapse disaster. Study on the formation pattern of karst tunnel collapse area and predict karst collapse disaster law of development. Establish a risk assessment model to provide technical support for the tunnel project grew disaster prevention.

研究工作以沪昆高铁大独山隧道、岗乌隧道以及黔张常铁路武陵山隧道为背景，通过对隧道地表既有典型岩溶的调查与探测，结合既有隧道水文与工程地质资料分析，建立岩溶塌陷的岩-土-地下水空间分布模型，应用现场传感器及激光扫描的监测方法,研究岩溶塌陷灾害的发展变化规律,应用数值分析方法研究突水引发地下水位突变条件下地下水动力条件变化规律，应用物理模型模拟试验和数值分析的方法，分析突水灾害条件下土体孔隙水压力及气压变化，以及土体内部变形破坏规律，进而研究隧道突水灾害诱发岩溶塌陷的形成机制与发展规律.通过模型试验结果的测试分析和理论计算，探讨地质条件、工程因素（隧道排水量、隧道埋深、隧道工程规模等）、气候条件等与地表沉降塌陷灾害的作用规律，研究隧道工程区岩溶塌陷的形成模式，预测岩溶塌陷灾害发生发展规律，建立风险评价模型,为长大隧道工程防灾提供技术支持。

研究工作以沪昆高铁大独山隧道、岗乌隧道等隧道为背景，通过对隧道地表既有典型岩溶的调查与探测，结合既有隧道水文与工程地质资料分析，分析了多因素作用下岩溶塌陷的发育特征，获得了对隧道突水诱发岩溶塌陷规律的宏观认识。应用现场传感器监测及地质雷达扫描方法,研究岩溶塌陷灾害的发展变化规律,应用数值分析方法研究了突水引发地下水位突变条件下地下水动力条件变化规律，应用物理模型模拟试验和数值分析的方法，分析了突水灾害条件下土体孔隙水压力及气压变化，以及土体内部变形破坏规律，进而研究了隧道突水灾害诱发岩溶塌陷的形成机制与发展规律。通过建立IOWHA算子组合模型，结合模型试验的监测结果，预测了岩溶塌陷灾害发生发展规律，建立了风险评价模型,为长大隧道工程防灾提供技术支持。