基于IPv6的无线传感网协议转换与组网关键技术研究

The sensor type and application scenarios are more diverse in Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs) nowadays. At the same time, IPv6 technology is replacing the traditional IPv4 network, to become the new network interconnection standards. How to realize a seamless interconnection between WSNs and IPv6 network becomes an urgent problem. The first task of this project is to research the network interconnection architecture based on the gateway, the protocol conversion model as well as the simplified model of the protocol stack and network addressing. Then, we will further discuss the access mechanism and realize the internetworking scheme based on virtual IPv6 technology. Information processing technology of the gateway will also be studied. Moreover, we will study on the key technologies of adaptation layer for WSNs including topology management method, dynamic routing protocols design and data collection technology on the basis of mobile infrastructure. The security scheme for types of WSNs supported by IPv6 network will also be discussed which includes key management and authentication technology, internetwork access authentication scheme and data encryption. Finally, a common platform will be built to verify and improve the theories of this project by using the method of simulation combined with system measurement.

当前，无线传感网的传感类型与应用场景更加多样化，与此同时，IPv6技术正取代传统的IPv4网络，成为新的网络互联标准。如何实现多元化的无线传感网与IPv6网络间的无缝互联，成为亟待解决的问题。本课题首先研究基于网关的IPv6与无线传感网间的互联架构、协议转换模型与协议栈精简方法，利用网关实现基于IPv6的无线传感网编址寻址；接着，将进一步研究基于网关的IPv6无线传感网接入机制，实现基于虚拟IPv6的网关互联方案以及面向IPv6的网关信息处理技术；在此基础上，重点研究基于IPv6的无线传感网适配层关键技术，包括拓扑管理、动态路由协议以及基于移动基础设施的6LoWPAN数据收集技术，设计IPv6网络支撑下的多元无线传感网安全方案，研究其密钥管理与认证技术、网间接入认证方案、数据加密技术等；最终，将构建一个通用的验证平台，通过仿真与系统实测相结合的方式对本课题的理论进行验证与完善。

当前，移动互联网飞速普及，传感器类型与应用场景也日益多样化，这使得加入无线传感网的设备骤增，传统的IPv4技术难以解决由此带来的地址紧缺问题，同时节点的移动性也给无线传感网中的信息采集工作带来新的挑战。如何解决IP地址紧张以及无线传感器节点在移动的情况下的信息采集工作成为一个亟待解决的问题。. 针对以上问题，本项目对基于IPv6的无线传感网信息采集技术进行了研究。首先，针对传统RPL技术不持节点移动性的问题，对RPL路由算法进行了改进，使得基于IPv6的无线传感网中能支持传感器节点移动情况下的路由查找。其次，由于无线传感器网络节点有低成本、低功耗、低复杂性的要求，同时接入网络基础设施具备多样性特点，在组网时将每个无线传感器网络设备接入网络不太现实，为此，引入硬件资源比较丰富的网关来对各设备进行管理。为了让网关可以识别和有效管理基于IPv6的无线传感器节点，本项目对基于IPv6的无线传感网互联架构与协议转换机制进行研究，以达到网关可以识别并基于IPv6转发无线传感器节点所传数据的目的。最后，通过对网关及相关硬件的具体配置，实现了基于IPv6的无线传感网组网。