Tissue-engineered bones (TEB) seeded with mesenchymal stem cells (MSC) are considered one of the most promising strategies in treating large bone defect. Previous studies have shown that seeded MSC accelerate bone repair via recruiting host MSC. However, the underlying mechanisms remain elusive, greatly constraining the further application of TEB. In our preliminary experiments, seeded donor MSC could secrete abundant CXCL8 to recruit host MSC. During this process, the expressions of major signal molecules in the CXCL8/CXCR1-Akt and CXCL8/CXCR2-Akt pathways were elevated, and the activity of certain proteases, such as MMPs, were enhanced. Based on the current literature, we here propose the hypothesis that by releasing CXCL8, seeded MSC activate the CXCL8/CXCR1-Akt and CXCL8/CXCR2-Akt pathways in host MSC, which account for the acceleration of recruitment, proliferation and osteogenic differentiation of host MSC. For verification, we will preliminarily observe the effects of these two pathways on the migration, proliferation and osteogenic differentiation of host MSC in vitro, as well as their functional ratios. With the utilization of CXCL8 conditional know-out mice, CXCR1/2 antagonists and Akt inhibitors, the effects of these two pathways on host MSC and the possible mechanisms will be evaluated and verified further. This study will clarify the osteogenic mechanism of TEB to a deep further, and provide theoretical foundation and novel insights to the promotion of osteogenic efficacy of TEB and the development of tissue-engineered products.
以间充质干细胞(MSC)为种子细胞构建的组织工程骨(TEB)是修复大节段骨 缺损最有希望的策略之一。种子细胞通过募集宿主MSC加速成骨修复,但机制不明,严重制约了 TEB 的进一步应用。我们前期发现,种子细胞可分泌大量CXCL8募集宿主MSC,此过程中CXCL8/CXCR1/2-Akt通路表达上调,MMPs等蛋白酶活性增强。结合国内外研究,提出"种子细胞通过释放CXCL8激活CXCR1/2-Akt通路促进宿主MSC的募集和增殖分化"的假说。为此,拟在体外初步观察此通路对宿主MSC 迁移、增殖和成骨分化的影响及作用比例;在体内通过应用CXCL8 条件基因敲除小鼠、CXCR1/2拮抗剂和Akt抑制剂,进一步验证和评价此通路对宿主MSC迁移、增殖和成骨分化的影响及可能作用机制。本研究将进一步阐明 TEB 的成骨机制,为提高 TEB 的成骨效能、开发组织工程新产品提供理论基础和新思路。
本课题探讨了组织工程骨(TEB)移植后种子细胞募集的宿主间充质干细胞(MSC)在成骨修复过程中的作用机制,旨在证实“CXCL8/CXCR1-Akt和CXCL8/CXCR2-Akt两条通路在组织工程骨移植后募集宿主MSC促进成骨修复中发挥重要作用”的假说,为阐明宿主MSC在组织工程骨成骨过程中的作用提供实验依据。本课题进展顺利,按照计划完成了预定的实验内容。首先,在体外观察并评价了CXCL8/CXCR1-Akt和CXCL8/CXCR2-Akt两条通路对宿主MSC迁移、增殖和成骨分化的影响,发现CXCL8通过激活CXCR2-Akt信号通路介导MSC的迁移及成骨分化,而CXCR1和CXCR2介导的信号通路均对MSC的增殖发挥调控作用。进而,利用改良的小鼠股骨双侧临界骨缺损模型,在体内评价了CXCL8/CXCR2-Akt 信号通路对TEB移植后宿主MSC 募集和成骨分化的影响,发现CXCR2而非CXCR1负责调控宿主MSC的募集,进一步明确了CXCL8通过CXCR2-Akt信号通路调节宿主MSC募集及局部软骨内成骨的作用机制。其次,利用信号通路阻断剂,发现CXCR2-Akt信号通路阻断后,在移植区及邻近骨髓组织内负责调节细胞骨架变化的Rac1-Arp2/3通路信号分子表达发生规律性变化,证实了CXCL8/CXCR2-Akt通过调节Rac1-Arp2/3通路介导宿主MSC 的定向迁移,明确了MMP2、MMP9在其中发挥的重要作用。再次,利用CXCR2条件基因敲除小鼠,对上述结论加以验证,最终证实了课题提出的科学假说。此外,在研究CXCR2作用机制的过程中,观察到MSC通过激活CXCR2进而募集宿主内皮祖细胞(EPC)的重要作用,证实了MSC通过旁分泌的方式募集宿主EPC,并且MSC通过CXCR2及其下游Src-PKL/Vav2-Rac1信号通路促进EPC迁移及TEB的血管化和骨修复的作用机制。通过本课题研究,明确了在组织工程骨移植后募集的宿主MSC发挥成骨修复的作用方式及机理,为进一步阐明种子细胞促进成骨修复的机制研究提供理论基础,为进一步开发组织工程产品改善组织工程骨成骨效能提供了新的思路。
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数据更新时间:2023-05-31
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