传感网中面向链路干扰最小化的拓扑控制

Topology control is an essential topic for wireless sensor network and also an impartant way of improving network performances. However,existing topology control schemes and algorithms suffer from the strict network models as well as assumptions in use and from the unsolved co-channel interferences: both factors make it very hard for those works to behave as expected,thereby not being considered and widely used in practice. This proposal, aimed at minimizing the link interference, will adopt the three following steps to study practical topology control. First, we will profile the link interference via extensive experiments of testbed and simulataion, construct an accurate model measuring interference caused by a single link, and present a distributed algorithm for this measurement that specifically overcomes the hidden terminal issue. Second, theoretically, we will analyze and prove the critical features of topology with the interference spanner property, and design effective algorithms for forming such topology structure. Finally, we will design and implement a wireless sensor network prototype for monitoring the microclimate in forest, and then integrate the proposed topology control into that prototype for all-around performance evaluations and a demo application.

拓扑控制是传感网研究的一个基础议题，是改善网络性能的重要技术。但是，现有的拓扑控制所依赖的网络模型过于苛刻，尤其是没有充分考虑如何能有效的缓解链路干扰，因而不能达到预期的作用，更无法在实际应用中得到普及和深化。本课题以最小化传感网链路干扰为主要目标，按照以下三个步骤研究实用化的拓扑控制机制和算法：(1)通过试验床测试和仿真等手段，研究链路干扰行为的特征，构建能准反映实际情况的链路干扰程度的度量模型，并提出分布式计算方法；(2)从理论上分析、证明能满足路径干扰spanner性质的拓扑结构的特征，设计以路径干扰最小化为目标的拓扑控制的分布式算法；(3)结合森林微气候监测传感网的应用背景，本课题将集成阶段性研究成果，设计并实现一个传感网拓扑控制原型系统，对所提方案的性能进行分析与评价，并且进行小规模的示范应用。

在传感网的拓扑控制中，如何降低网络干扰是一个重要的研究主题，因为共享信道的链路通信之间的干扰是非常复杂的、且具有高度的动态性。本项目从拓扑控制入手，通过广泛的实验床实验，研究了低功耗无线链路的动态特征，并对干扰行为进行了仔细分析；构建了能有效反应链路干扰程度的度量模型，提出了集中式和分布式算法来构建干扰最小化的拓扑结构，并从理论上分析、证明了所生成的拓扑结构的能耗spanner特性。在本项目的执行期内，发表学术论文7篇，其中SCI期刊论文4篇，国际会议论文2篇，中文核心论文1篇；在项目的资助下，培养硕士研究生3名，其中一人以毕业，在读2名。项目投入经费22万元，支出x万元，各项支出基本与预算相符。