基于碳纳米管内孔（壁）的电化学特性高效降解有机污染物的过程和机理

Currently, wastewater treatment technologies with high efficiency and low energy consumption are still expected basing on the rigorous pollution condition in china. Though the electrochemical methods of removal pollutants operate convinently and are also free-chemicals regents and of the high removal ratio, but its current efficency is lower with high energy consumption, which is major disadvantage and need to be overcome for the large-scale application in the wastewater treatment field. At the same time, inner walls or hole of carbon nanotubes as the novel material show the wonderful properities in the fields of fluid flow, diffusion, adsorption, phase-transmission in the confinement, reaction activity as well as activity energy, which is much better than the corresponding properities of outside walls of carbon nanotubes, which were usually research focuses in this field in the past. So we plan to hybrid the carbon nanotubes array with the polymer then prepare the composite membrane electrode with the higher strength and BET surface area and better conductivity and electrochemical activity, finaly which was assembled in the the flow reaction cell named as electrochemical filter cell. Nevertheless, the related researches are limitted and still expected and so chanlleging this project is helpful to understand well the electrochemical properities of inner wall of carbon nanotubes and apply further the electrochemical technology in large-scale in the wastewater treatment fields.

电催化氧化法具有氧化能力强、无二次污染及操作方便等优点，在有机难降解废水处理领域有较好的应用前景，但目前其能耗仍相对较高，因而未能发挥它应有的潜在优势，当前亟需革新电极材料降低电耗。而碳纳米管作为新型电极材料是近年的研究热点之一，但目前的研究大多是基于其外壁的电化学性能；而相关的研究表明碳纳米管原子级光滑的内孔（壁），在流体传输、扩散、吸附及反应活性等方面展现出了优异的物理化学特性，远优于通常所关注碳纳米管的外表面。那么其内孔（壁）能否展示出优异的电化学特性？基于此，该项目将碳纳米管阵列与高聚物复合（同时屏蔽了碳纳米管的外壁），敲除碳纳米管封闭的帽端，利用其内孔（壁）特性，制得高强度、大比表面积及优异电催化活性的碳纳米管阵列膜电极，并嵌入到具有高传质效率的 “电过滤”式反应器中。本研究有望揭示碳纳米管内孔的电化学特性，阐明内孔中有机污染物降解的过程及机理，为高效降解有机废水提供科学支撑。

本项目将碳纳米管阵列与高聚物复合（同时屏蔽了碳纳米管的外壁），敲除碳纳米管封闭的帽端，利用其内孔（壁）特性，制得高强度、大比表面积及优异电催化活性的碳纳米管阵列膜电极，并嵌入到具有高传质效率的 “电过滤”式反应器中，成功制得了3种高强度、高活性的碳纳米管阵列膜电极，电解去除1kg COD的电耗约20 Kwh；并揭示了碳纳米管内孔（壁）的电化学特性以及高效催化降解有机污染物的机理，阐明了聚合物-碳纳米管阵膜电极的优化制备机制，为高效低耗地催化降解有机废水提供新思路和科学基础。