东亚提灯藓科系统和分类修订及其与北美间断分布相似种关系探讨

The family Mniaceae traditionally consists of nine genera and about 82 species in the world. Most species of the family are distributed in the Northern Hemisphere. The family concepts and its classification system are clearly outdated. Although the classification of the Mniaceae has been altered several times, no consensus has been reached. Currently, there co-exist three concepts: i.e. conservative system (traditional concept), liberal system (in much broader sense) and narrower system (smaller families). A modern molecular systematics basically has not been applied to the Mniaceae. This has severely restricted our true understanding of the taxonomic concepts of the family. East Asia is the center of species diversity of the Mniaceae, consisting of 68% of the species in the world. Among the East Asian species, 95% of them occur in China. Therefore, East Asia is an ideal platform to study the Mniaceae. This project will study all species of the Mniaceae from East Asia on the basis of traditional morphological study in conjunction with using modern cell biology and molecular systematics methodology. The aims of this research are: 1) to re-investigate the family concepts; 2) to re-evaluate the generic relationships among all nine genera; 3) to re-define the species concepts using reliable and stable morphological features; 4) to reveal the unknown/problematicdisjunct species or vicarious species between East Asia and North America; and finally 5) to revise all species of the Mniaceae from East Asia. This research will lay a good foundation for the study of the entire family Mniaceae in the world.

传统的提灯藓科（Mniaceae）包含9属，全世界约82种。绝大多数种类分布在北半球温带地区。该科的系统分类概念已经过时，虽经历了数次变动，但至今未达成共识，以至传统、广义和提灯藓小科概念并存。现代分子系统学研究尚未在提灯藓科开展，影响了对该科分类概念的真实把握。东亚地区是提灯藓科物种多样性中心，占世界种数68%，其中95%的种类在中国有分布，是开展提灯藓科系统学研究的理想平台。本项目拟以东亚分布的提灯藓科植物为研究对象，以经典分类学研究为基础，结合现代细胞学、分子系统学研究技术，重新探讨该科的概念，重构科内的属间关系，重新评估物种划分的形态学特征，寻找稳定的分类性状，在此基础上，澄清那些长期困扰着研究者、间断分布于东亚和北美的相似种的关系，并对东亚提灯藓科的种类和分布进行全面修订，为世界范围提灯藓科的全面修订打下坚实的基础。

传统的提灯藓科（Mniaceae）包含9个属，全世界约82种。绝大多数种类分布在北半球温带地区，东亚地区是提灯藓科物种多样性中心，有8属56种1亚种，中国有8属53种，日本有7属27种3亚种。本项目对东亚提灯藓科进行了全面的分类学研究和修订，主要研究结果如下：① 发现了贵州匐灯藓（Plgiomnium guizhouense）新种。② 确认了爪哇立灯藓（Orthomnion javense）和无边立灯藓（O. elimbatum）在中国的新分布。隐缘立灯藓（O. loheri）为爪哇立灯藓的新异名。③ 吴氏立灯藓（O. wui）被转移到匐灯藓属更名为吴氏匐灯藓（P. wui）。④ 侧枝匐灯藓（P. maximoviczii）更名为具喙匐灯藓侧枝亚种（P. rhynchophorum subsp. maximoviczii）。尖叶匐灯藓（P.acutum ）更名为匐灯藓厚角变种（P. cuspidatum var. trichoanes）。⑤ 平肋提灯藓（Mnium laevinerve）为长叶提灯藓（M. lycopodioides）的新异名。⑥ 无边匐灯藓（P.elimbatum）和瘤柄匐灯藓（P. venustum）移出东亚植物区系。⑦ 澄清一些间断分布于东亚和北美相似物种之间的关系。⑧ 将形态学研究和现代分子系统学研究技术结合起来，对提灯藓科系统发育进行了分析，评估了各个属在提灯藓科的系统地位。⑨ 预测了提灯藓科的一些种类在世界的地理分布，验证了DNA条形码在提灯藓科物种鉴定的准确性。⑩ 经过本项目研究修订，东亚地区提灯藓科植物有8属52种3亚种，其中中国有8属50种2亚种，日本有7属25种2亚种。本项目为世界范围内提灯藓科植物资源的调查、分布研究和全面修订打下坚实的基础。