Hepatic ischemia/reperfusion injury (IRI) has been one of the major problems in liver transplantation, especially donation after cardiac death. Infiltration of Kupffer cell and release of inflammatory mediator are well-known explanations for hepatic IRI. It has been established that inhibition of glycogen synthase kinase (GSK)-3β, namely phosphorylated GSK-3β ameliorates hepatic IRI via regulation of immune function. Our previous studies indicated that activation of hypoxia inducible factor (HIF) - 2α significantly reduced IRI, considering the important role of HIF-2α in inflammatory reaction. Based on that lots of in vivo and ex vivo studies showed inhibition of GSK-3β induced HIF-2α expression, we speculate that inhibition of GSK-3β may prevent hepatic IRI through a HIF-2α-dependent way. To prove this theory, we plan to selectively knockout HIF-2α in different types of cells in liver, and then subject the liver to IR procedures, to show the effect of GSK-3β inhibition on hepatic IRI in mice with different gene background. Furthermore, we plan to detect the levels of p-GSK-3β and HIF-2α in liver grafts from cardiac death and analyze these data with prognostic condition of recipients, to conclude how GSK-3β/HIF-2α signaling affects liver transplantation recipients from donation after cardiac death. This study may help promote understanding of GSK-3β/HIF-2α in the prevention of hepatic IRI, which may serve as a novel therapeutic strategy.
肝脏缺血再灌注损伤(IRI)是肝移植尤其心脏死亡(DCD)供肝移植的重要临床问题,枯否细胞浸润及炎性介质释放是公认的主要机制。研究显示抑制糖原合成酶激酶(GSK)-3β,即磷酸化的GSK-3β通过调节免疫功能可以明显减轻肝脏IRI。我们的前期研究提示缺氧诱导因子(HIF)-2α的激活能显著改善IRI,且HIF-2α在炎症反应中起到重要作用。基于诸多体内、外实验提示GSK-3β的失活能明显上调HIF-2α的表达,我们推测GSK-3β失活通过诱导HIF-2α的表达实现对肝脏IRI的保护。我们拟采用不同细胞类型HIF-2α敲除小鼠,观察抑制GSK-3β活性情况下各敲除小鼠的肝脏IRI程度,并探明该影响的分子特异性和细胞类型特异性。然后进一步检测临床DCD供肝组织中磷酸化GSK-3β、HIF-2α的表达,结合临床指标分析两者对DCD供肝移植受者预后的影响,为改善DCD供肝IRI提供新的干预靶点。
抑制糖原合成酶激酶3β(GSK-3β)被证明能保护肝脏缺血再灌注损伤(IRI),但其保护肝脏IRI的具体机制尚未阐明。我们通过GSK-3β的抑制剂(SB216763/CHIR99021)在小鼠肝脏IR模型上进行验证,明确了抑制GSK-3β对肝脏IRI的保护作用,IR后的血清学指标如谷丙转氨酶、谷草转氨酶,病理学HE染色所示的肝细胞损伤及炎症细胞浸润,细胞凋亡指标如TUNEL、Caspase3活性等均有显著改善;同时PCR及免疫组化显示肝组织内的炎症因子亦有明显缓解。另外,我们发现SB216763/CHIR99021作用于小鼠肝脏IRI模型后,肝组织内自噬相关蛋白LC3B、ATG-5的表达明显增加,提示抑制GSK-3β是通过激活组织自噬反应从而发挥保护肝脏IRI的功能。因此我们在此模型的基础上增加了自噬抑制剂3-MA的干预,发现3-MA消除了SB216763/CHIR99021对肝脏IRI的保护作用。为了探明抑制GSK-3β如何调控自噬反应,我们通过Western-Blot发现抑制GSK-3β明显提高了激活自噬的关键位点AMPK的磷酸化水平。因此,我们提出假设抑制GSK-3β通过AMPK通路激活自噬,从而发挥保护肝脏IRI的作用。为此我们在肝细胞损伤及炎症细胞浸润,细胞凋亡指标如TUNEL、Caspase3活性等均有显著改善;同时PCR及免疫组化显示肝组织内的炎症因子亦有明显缓解。另外,我们发现SB216763/CHIR99021作用于小鼠肝脏IRI模型的基础上使用了AMPK抑制剂,结果发现抑制AMPK通路,抵消了抑制GSK-3β对肝脏IRI的保护,亦减轻了肝组织的自噬反应。以上研究结果,我们通过肝细胞的缺氧/复氧的体外实验,再次验证了同样的结果。综上所述,我们的研究结果表明抑制GSK-3β通过激活AMPK通路,进而激活自噬反应,最终保护肝脏缺血再灌注损伤。这对于GSK-3β、AMPK通路及自噬相关靶点的干预药物在临床上对肝脏移植、肝脏切除等手术患者的缺血再灌注损伤改善,将提供详细的理论和基础实验数据,从而进一步推动这些靶向药物在临床上的应用,最终改善肝病患者的预后。
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数据更新时间:2023-05-31
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