劣质原油微波辐射加工新技术基础理论研究

With the reduction of petroleum resource and the increase of production cost, the quality of crude oil is getting worse and worse. While the inferior crude oil exhibit obvious characteristics such as high salty, high acidity and high sulfur, and the traditional refining processes cannot perfectly satisfy the oil requirements, including little percentage of light components obtained and catalyst poisoning. Therefore, the development and application of new technology of refining process especially focus on the reduction of refining cost, have caused high attention in the world. So far the microwave technology exhibits obvious effects in crude oil desalting, demulsification, desulfuration, deacidification and dewaxing process, while hardly any research about the intermolecular movement and interaction in the microwave field..After a decade of study, our research group conducts inferior crude oil microwave radiation experiments in the range of 30-3000 frequency. Refer to the academic views about microwave thermal and non-thermal effect, and based on the characteristics of crude oil that it contains high content in salty, sulfur and carboxy, our group carries out researches in the dielectric response behavior of oil-water interfacial film under different microwave frequency and the non-thermal effect of water-free oil, as well as the Gaussian microsoft simulation. In addition, our group aims to develop the microwave responsive molecular information and molecular dynamic equation, so as to lay theoretical foundation to the industrial application of microwave refining technology.

从30MHz到30GHz的频率范围都称之为微波，但目前化学过程所应用的实验或者工业化微波设备不是2450MHz就是915MHz频率，也就是说对现有微波化学技术的认识都是基于这两种频率。 即便如此，微波技术还是在原油脱盐、破乳、脱硫、脱羧、脱蜡等加工过程显示了非凡的效果，其理论依据基本都集中在热效应方面，而微波场中分子间的迁移和相互作用规律等研究鲜有报道，在宽泛的频率下更几乎是空白。. 课题组经过十年实践，如今成功搭建了以网络矢量分析仪为主要设备的实验装置，可以在30MHz-30GHz频率范围内对劣质原油进行连续辐射。以劣质原油盐、硫及羧含量高为切入点，研究不同微波频率下油-水界面膜介电响应行为和不含水原油微波非热效应，以Gaussian软件模拟和实验并重模式，重点考察和分析微波响应分子信息，建立微波作用下的劣质油加工过程动力学方程。为日益多样化的原油资源微波炼制工业化奠定基础。

各种场辐射用于稠油、高含蜡等劣质原油的加工已被多人尝试，取得了显著的实验室成果、但在非常规微波频率方面，涉入极少。项目通过对腔体内电场分布和磁场分布的仿真分析与实验确认，认为在高频范围内不论是稠油或蜡油改质还是脱盐（水）、脱羧、脱硫都是有利的。.分别以稠油和高含蜡原油进行了具体实验研究，实验采用3.5GHz——8.9 GHz和常规频率辐射，发现对于脱硫、脱羧和脱盐方面常规微波频率与高频均能得以实现，但对于稠油化学改质降粘高频微波辐射的非热效应明显。.劣质原油因沥青质、胶质组分含量高，具有易团聚的特性，容易对小分子进行“包裹”或夹带。在微波辐射条件下原油中盐离子的存在有利于原油破乳脱水。微波辐射不仅原油能改质降粘，还能使高盐的不利因素变为有利因素，脱水效果显著。.另一方面，借鉴纳米流体和离子液体脱硫研究经验，微波可促使模拟油样的脱硫过程得到强化。通过添加一些吸波的纳米颗粒，发现在微波作用下，噻吩脱除速率显著提高。而微波频率对脱硫速率影响不大。.全部完成了项目内容，并通过资助发表论文6篇，申请专利2项，授权1项。