黄土高原生态敏感区旅游扶贫效率及影响因素研究

Pro-poor Tourism is a new model for poverty reduction.It is very significant to banlance regional development. Loess pleteau is the stress of Chinese poverty reduction in future, with fragile environment and lagged economy. Simultaneously, this region has a promosing tourism for its long history and charaterized Loess tourism resources.Therefore,Pro-Poor Tourism is of great importance to sustainable development in economy and society in Loess Plateau. Evaluation on the efficiency and study on impact factors are directly concerned the effctive and sustainality of PPT. This study involes two main contents. one is how to evaluate the efficiency of regional PPT in general view. we supposed PPT just like input-output system. some indicators such as tourism invest for poverty reduction, investment for local training etc are input indexes. Tourism income, degree of environmental pollution are output indexed. we can assess the efficiency of PPT based on DEA. The other is how to find the factors impacted the efficiency.This can be studied in microscope view. We will take the North of Shannxi and Lvliang as case study places. The purpose of this study is just to put forward some suggestions and countermeasures to the local government.

旅游扶贫是一种新型的扶贫模式，对促进区域协调发展具有重要意义。黄土高原地区生态环境脆弱，经济发展滞后，是我国新一轮扶贫的重点区域。同时，富有黄土风情特色的旅游资源，悠久的历史文化使得该区发展旅游业前景十分看好。因此，旅游扶贫对黄土高原生态敏感贫困区经济、社会可持续发展意义重大。旅游扶贫效率的评价及影响因素的研究直接关系到旅游扶贫的效果与可持续性。本课题以陕北地区、山西省吕梁等地区为案例地，从宏观角度构建旅游扶贫投入、产出指标，基于DEA（数据包络分析）方法综合评价区域旅游扶贫效率。微观层面上，运用访谈、问卷调查等方法，从农户视角调查影响居民旅游收入的主要因素及影响机制，从而为区域旅游产业的发展，经济、环境协调发展提供政策建议。

黄土高原地处我国西北部，水土流失严重，生态环境脆弱，经济发展十分落后。黄土高原是我国14个集中连片贫困区之一，扶贫任务十分艰巨。利用该区丰富的旅游资源及特色的旅游文化进行旅游扶贫开发，是该区进行扶贫开发的主要模式。课题以陕西省为例，宏观层面：从乡村旅游投入与产出的角度，计算了陕西省10地市乡村旅游扶贫效率，发现总体处于较高水平，各地区乡村旅游发展规模、乡村旅游扶贫效率存在明显地域差异。生态敏感性是影响区域经济发展、乡村旅游扶贫效率的重要因素。.微观层面：采取问卷调查的方式，对农户参与旅游的扶贫效率进行了定量研究。以延安市刘家川、谷咀村、小程村、井家湾四个村庄89个农户为对象，构建了农户参与旅游的扶贫效率投入产出指标：农户旅游收入、家庭参与旅游人数，旅游能源消耗、占地面积、旅游用水量、旅游用电量。基于数据包络分析对89个农户的旅游扶贫效率进行了评价。结果表明，案例地旅游扶贫综合效率偏低，平均值为0.59，有效率仅占12%；技术效率对综合效率影响程度大，旅游扶贫规模效率总体较好。旅游扶贫投入指标中，旅游用水量、旅游能源消耗（碳排放量）存在较大冗余。并且，提出了农户旅游扶贫效率的优化对策。