高精度原子双暗态Raman-Ramsey干涉磁力仪技术研究

The accurate surveying and mapping of magnetic field in space are very important in the field of space science and navigation. In order to realize this magnetic field measurement, high accurate and sensitive scalar magnetometers are needed, and accurate measurement and calibration can be fulfilled on-orbit. At present, there are still some problems of the mature aerospace scalar magnetometer in the application of high accurate surveying and mapping of magnetic field. According to the development situation of the scalar magnetometer and the need of the high accuracy in surveying and mapping of magnetic field in space, we propose here an absolute high accurate scalar magnetometer for the application in space. The optical magnetometer is based on Raman-Ramsey interference of atomic coupled dark state, and it is an absolute new scheme in the world at present. Comparing with the ordinary optically pumped magnetometer, the performance has been improved obviously and some advantages are obtained, such as high sensitivity, high accuracy, high dynamic range, omni-directionality, independence of the sensor temperature, light in weight, low power consumption, and the easily miniaturization of the simple all-optical sensor. There characteristics are suitable for the accurate measurement in space. The equipment will expand the types of devices fabricated by our own country in the research field of the magnetic field measurement in space, make a preparation for the surveying and mapping of earth magnetic field in the near further, and improve the level in the technology of magnetic field measurement in space of our country.

空间磁场精密测绘对于空间科学研究和导航定位等应用有着重要的意义。磁场测绘需要高灵敏度和精度的绝对标量磁场测量仪器，实现在轨精确测量和标定。目前技术比较成熟的航天级标量磁力仪在高精度磁场测绘应用方面仍然存在一些应用问题。根据国内外发展现状，针对空间磁场测绘和探测的高精度需求，本项目提出了面向空间应用的高精度绝对标量磁力仪研究。本项目将研究基于原子的双暗态Raman-Ramsey干涉原理的光学磁力仪，国际上属于全新的技术方案，相比传统的光泵磁力仪性能上将有较大提高，具有高灵敏度和绝对精度的优势，量程范围大、无测量死区、抗温度漂移、重量轻、功耗低、简单的全光传感器易于实现微小型化等，这些特点非常适用于空间磁场精密测绘的应用需求。该设备将扩展我国自主空间磁场探测载荷的种类，为我国未来开展地球磁场测绘突破关键技术打下基础，并提升我国在空间磁测领域的国际水准。

空间磁场精密测绘对空间科学和导航定位等研究有着重要的意义，磁场测绘需要高灵敏度和精度的绝对标量磁场测量仪器实现在轨精确测量和标定。针对空间基/地基磁场高精度测量的需求，本项目提出了面向空间/地基应用的高精度绝对标量磁力仪研究。完成了基于共振Raman跃迁的原子双暗态CPT磁力仪（Coupled Dark State Magnetometer，CDSM）航空工程样机的集成研制，在中国计量科学研究院完成了测试标定，灵敏度小于10 pT/Hz1/2@>1Hz，线性度小于10ppm，技术指标达到同类仪器国际先进水平，在航空/航天磁场探测应用中具有较好的应用前景。国内首次成功完成原子双暗态CPT磁力仪（CDSM）的11架次的航空磁场测绘任务（有人机），累计测线6000km，测量结果达到国际先进水平，为未来形成航天磁场探测有效载荷奠定了技术基础。Raman-Ramsey干涉技术对光频移（光强敏感）和碰撞频移（温度敏感）等影响具有一定的抑制作用，在原子钟和磁力仪研究方面都可以取得较好的应用前景。完成了原子双暗态Raman-Ramsey干涉磁场测量技术相关物理效应实验研究，包括基于冷原子束和原子气室的Ramsey干涉实验研究。国际首次实现了基于原子气室的Raman-Ramsey干涉的闭环磁场测量，初步验证了该技术方案的可行性，未来在空间基和地基磁场精密测量等领域具有较好的应用前景，特别是在磁场精密计量方面有望挑战现有以质子旋进为基础的磁场计量方法。已发表论文4篇（2篇SCI），在撰写/投稿论文（标注本基金号）4篇。