熟练普通话-粤语双言失语者康复语种选择模式研究

As modern society turns out to be more and more multilingual, the selection of recovery language for bilingual aphasia becomes an important clinical issue. The present research combines behavioral and electronical techniques to explore the neural mechanisms of Mandarin-Cantonese speakers with aphasia by comparing with Mandarin-Cantonese normal speakers, which devotes to instruct the selection of recovery language and training for aphasics. The whole research consists of four experiments: Experiment 1 is designed to discuss the bilingual neural representations of proficient Mandarin-Cantonese speakers. Specifically, Experiment 1.1 uses lexical decision task under functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging (fMRI) to exam repetition priming effects under visual context, while Experiment 1.2 uses the same task with simultaneous ERP and fMRI to explore repetition priming effects in auditory context. Experiment 1.3 adopts verb generation task to explore the influence of phonological similarity on language processing by simultaneous ERP-fMRI. Experiment 2 aims to discuss neural basis of bilingual cognitive control in language switching. In Experiment 2.1 and 2.2, overt and covert picture naming task are subsequently used to exam the role of inhibition in language switching of proficient Mandarin-Cantonese speakers by N2 ERPs. Experiment 3 aims to exam the neural mechanism of Mandarin-Cantonese aphasics in contrast with Mandarin-Cantonese normal speakers, and hence instructs the selection of rehabilitation pattern for bilingual aphasics.. In case, repetition priming task under visual context, verb generation task as well as covert picture naming task are used in Experiment 3, which are identical with Experiment 1.1, 1.3 and 2.2. Finally, Experiment 4 was employed to test neural changes of Mandarin-Cantonese aphasics before-and-after training, through which to assess effects of the selected recovery pattern. The experimental patterns of Experiment 4 are identical with Experiment 3. Taken all together, the research aims to explore specific neural features or sites for the selection of recovery language in the treatment of aphasics, and promote the recovery patterns and training design of bilingual or multilingual aphasia.

我国是多方言国家，脑损伤双言失语者众多。失语状态下言语治疗如何选择康复语言及设计非常关键。项目研究熟练普通话-粤语双言正常人及失语者，结合ERP、fMRI技术探讨双言的脑机制，熟练程度下的康复语言选择及机制。分四项研究：一结合ERP、fMRI分别考察视觉和听觉条件下重复启动效应，用ERP-fMRI同步检测考察语音相似性对双言者言语加工的影响，探讨双言者双言表征机制。二通过小声朗读和默读图片采集被试语码切换的行为反应时和N2，探讨熟练双言控制机制。三通过视觉呈现重复启动、动词联想和默读图片语码切换任务，考察失语者双言表征及控制的脑机制，为康复语言选择提供神经生理学依据。四确定康复语言选择模式，实施康复训练方案；同时采用与研究三相同的实验模式考察训练后失语者脑机制变化及其语言康复状况。旨在四方面研究探讨普通话-粤语双言失语者康复语种的选择依据，从而推广双语双方言康复语种选择及训练设计。

对普通话粤语双语双方言康复语言研究，围绕普通话-粤语双言者的表征及切换的神经心理加工机制两大方面切入，探讨双言失语者康复语种模式的选择。采用重复启动范式和基于内隐关联即时转换范式结合生物范畴判断以及延迟命名的实验任务，对双言语言表征和转换进行研究，总体结果显示双方言的表征模式和双语者相似，表征模式会受到两种语言熟练程度以及母语效应的影响，而双言产生和理解转换的研究结果表明目标语言激活时非目标语言同样会被激活，加工者需要对非目标语言语言进行抑制。除此还发现词汇拼写以及通道效应在普通话-粤语双言语言表征以及语言理解转换中起到了调节作用，这是受到了粤语习得方式以其与普通话存在同形异音和异形异音的语言现象的影响。基于语言表征及转换的基础研究，提出了双语双言失语症康复语种选择应该基于语言认知心理学的角度分析患者的临床表现以及衡量康复语种的选取。课题获得系列成果：发表期刊论文23篇，其中SCI4篇，出版书籍3本，获得专利5项和软件著作权8项，培养博士和硕士研究生14名，举办和参与国内外学术会议13场，其中举办了第九届亚太听力言语语言国际大会（APCSLH），实现成果转让和推广，举办学习班5场，获得广州市科学技术进步奖三等奖，项目负责人获得2016年度梁仲景医学科研奖，获得成果已超过预期成果。