重金属冶炼砷污染物形成与调控原理

Heavy metal smelting processes are major sources of arsenic pollutant, accounting for approximately 50 percent of all anthropogenic arsenic emissions. The distribution and flow of arsenic pollutant is unclear due to the complication of smelting processes, the closure of smelting furnace and the diversity of arsenic phases. Consequently, arsenic pollutant becomes extremely difficult to be controlled. The prevention and control of the arsenic pollutant generated from the smelting processes of heavy metals is the critical task for the development of nonferrous industry and the protection of environment. This project focuses on copper and lead smelting process and includes the following three aspects: (1) Arsenic distribution in gas, liquid and solid phases will be investigated. Thermodynamics model in smelting furnace will be setup to reveal the mass transfer behavior of arsenic and its distribution in different phases. (2) The behavior of arsenic and the pollutants formation mechanism, especially in phase interface will be clarified. The relationship between slag network structure and arsenic transformation will be established. The behavior of arsenic film drop and jet drop, and the formation law of gas arsenic pollutants will be investigated. (3) The principle of phase transformation and control will be developed to reveal regulation mechanisms during arsenic distribution, separation of arsenic compound, phase transition of arsenic in slag and gas phase. Through this project research, the method for precise analysis of smelting pollution source and prototype of arsenic controlling technology based on source emission reduction of smelting technology will be developed. The achieved results will enrich the fundamental theory system for the heavy metal cleaner smelting.

重金属冶炼是我国最主要的砷污染源，年排砷约占我国人为排放总量的50%以上。冶炼工艺环节复杂、熔炼设备密闭、砷形态多变，致使砷污染物分布不清、流向不明、污染控制极难。重金属冶炼砷污染防控已成为我国有色行业与环境保护领域的重点任务。本项目重点以铜铅高温冶炼过程为研究对象，拟研究：（1）砷在气液固相中的分布规律，建立熔炼工序砷的热力学分配模型，弄清砷的传质行为及其在不同物相间的形态分布规律；（2）砷的行为及污染物形成机制，揭示砷在相界面的作用机理，构建高温炉渣网络结构与砷迁移转化的构效关系，明确膜滴和喷射液滴行为及气型砷污染物的形成规律；（3）砷污染物物相转化与调控原理，揭示冶炼过程砷分布、砷化合物离异析出反应、渣相及气相中砷的物相转变等的调控机理。通过本项目研究，旨在形成冶炼砷污染源精准解析共性方法、基于冶炼工艺源头减排的控砷技术原型，丰富重金属清洁冶炼基础理论。

重金属冶炼是我国最主要的砷污染源，年排砷约占我国人为排放总量的50%以上。冶炼工艺环节复杂、熔炼设备密闭、砷形态多变，致使砷污染物分布不清、流向不明、污染控制极难。重金属冶炼砷污染防控已成为我国有色行业与环境保护领域的重点任务。本项目以铜铅高温冶炼过程为研究对象，设计并搭建了多介质砷污染物形成-转化-解析平台。开展铜熔炼过程砷污染物源解析，揭示高温过程砷污染物形成机制及分配规律，为砷的定向分离技术开发提供理论支撑。开展含砷烟尘颗粒物成因研究，揭示了气型砷污染物调控机制，建立黄铁矿强化砷挥发新工艺原型。建立了废酸体系砷与多金属组分气液硫化调控分离理论体系，发明了高砷废酸资源化治理技术，世界上首次实现多金属废酸大规模、资源化利用，促进了行业的绿色变革。项目获国家技术发明二等奖一项，省部级一等奖2项；发表论文39篇(第一标注18篇)，出版英文专著一部；授权发明专利15项，申请7项；承办东亚资源再生会议(EARTH2019)，中国有色金属年会等国内外会议。项目执行期间。项目负责人当选为中国工程院院士，项目组成员获国家级领军及青年人才5人次，培养博士研究生7名，硕士研究生10名。