工业机器人薄壁轴承组织与内应力控制成形基础研究

The independent development of industrial robots as major strategic needs in the revitalization and development of our country’s intelligent manufacturing industry is under serious constraint by accuracy preservation of robot bearing which is a core component. For the close relationship between accuracy preservation and forming technology, this project proposes to study controlling formation of microstructure and internal stress of thin-wall bearing through the whole process of cold ring rolling and heat treatment: analyze the influence rule of inhomogeneous deformation on the evolution of its microstructure and properties in forming process of thin-wall bearing, to explore the distribution characteristics of microstructure and properties in geometric space; based on the parameters of material properties obtained, establish an simulation model for study of internal stress in quenching and tempering processes, to explore the evolution rule and mechanism of internal stress of thin-wall bearing body in heat treatment, to clarify the internal relation between the status of microstructure and the evolution of internal stress, and to explore a method to control quenching stress, quenching distortion and tempering stress relaxation; propose a process optimization method to improve accuracy preservation based on the control of microstructure and properties and the dispersion of internal stress in thin-wall bearing body during forming process. This study may provide an important scientific basis for key technological breakthroughs in industrial robot bearing, promoting independent innovative development of China's industrial robot technology.

工业机器人作为我国智能制造业振兴发展的重大战略需求，其自主发展受到核心零部件机器人轴承精度保持性问题的严重制约。本项目针对轴承精度保持性与成形制造工艺之间的密切关系，提出薄壁轴承基体冷环轧成形和热处理全过程中组织与内应力控制成形基础研究：分析薄壁轴承成形制造过程中不均匀变形对组织结构与性能参数演化的影响规律，探明其组织结构与性能参数在几何空间的分布特点；基于获得的材料性能参数，建立薄壁轴承基体淬火及回火过程内应力分析仿真模型，研究热处理内应力产生与演变的规律并揭示其机理，阐明组织状态与内应力演变之间的内在关联，探索控制淬火应力、淬火畸变及回火变形的方法；提出基于控制薄壁轴承基体组织性能和内应力离散度，提高薄壁轴承基体精度保持性的成形制造工艺优化方法。该研究可为工业机器人薄壁轴承关键技术突破提供重要科学依据，促进我国工业机器人技术自主创新发展。

工业机器人作为我国智能制造业振兴发展的重大战略需求，其自主发展受到核心零部件机器人轴承精度保持性问题的严重制约。本项目结合国家工业机器人自主发展重大需求，针对轴承精度保持性与成形制造工艺之间的密切关系，从薄壁轴承基体冷环轧成形、热处理全过程系统研究薄壁轴承基体组织性能和内应力演化规律，揭示成形制造工艺对薄壁轴承基体精度保持性的遗传影响机理，优化控制薄壁轴承精度保持性成形制造工艺。.通过建立薄壁轴承基体冷轧成形仿真模型，分析了薄壁轴承成形制造过程中不均匀变形规律，结合材料表征手段探明其组织结构与性能参数在几何空间的分布特点；通过研究淬火冷却过程中温度场变化对组织和内应力的影响规律，揭示淬火工艺对微观组织几何空间分布特点的遗传影响规律与组织状态和淬火内应力之间的关联关系；通过研究回火温度与回火时间对轴承基体组织和内应力演化的影响规律，结合材料晶体学和热弹塑性理论建立轴承基体回火工艺-回火变形的轴承基体变形预测模型。依托项目研究，发表论文4篇，培养研究生3人，参加国内学术会议2次。通过本项目的研究，探索了控制淬火应力、淬火畸变及回火变形的方法，初步形成了工业机器人薄壁轴承基体成形制造组织性能控制工艺优化方法，为工业机器人薄壁轴承成形制造提供科学理论和技术方法，对促进工业机器人轴承技术发展具有重要意义。