固液两态仿生船舶防污减阻涂层的界面行为与机制研究

A new concept biomimetic antifouling coating proposed is with solid-liquid two-state, can simulate the mucus secretion behavior of marine organism and realize the purpose of antifouling and drag reduction. The biomimetic coatings in which liquid silicone oil dispersed into solid silicone materials will be prepared in this project by controlling the nonreactive small molecule silicone oil, silicone resins and fillers. During its service, silicone oil can gradually migrate to and leach out on the interface between the coating and environmental media, it can significantly improve the antifouling, fouling-release and drag-reduction performance of the silicone coating. From simple to complex, with silicone oil/polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) blend membrane, silicone oil/particles-PDMS composite coating as the research object, based on the results of chemical (FTIR, XPS) and thermal (DSC, TG) analysis , microstructure observation (AFM, SEM, CLSM), measurement of mechanical properties ( elastic modulus, hardness ) , estimation of surface and interface properties ( interfacial tension , contact angle surface energy ) , adhesion experiments of marine organisms ( bacteria, benthic diatoms )and field immersion tests in sea, dynamic friction torque measurement of coatings in seawater, in order to clear the microstructure and morphology of every phase in the coating, especially the distribution and morphologic state of liquid silicone oil in the coating. It will be studied the migrating and precipitating behavior of silicone oil to coating-air and coating-seawater interface. We will put forward the physical model and mechanism of interface evolution of the biomimetic coating with silicone oil leaching during the curing process and in the service, establish the thermodynamic criterion while silicone oil could leach out from the coating, the kinetic evolution law of silicone oil leaching with exposure time. The study reveals the antifouling and drag reduction mechanism of the solid-liquid two-state biomimetic coating. It provides a scientific basis for the research and development of high performance non-toxic antifouling and drag reducing coatings for ships.

提出具有模拟生物分泌粘液、实现防污减阻目的的固液两态仿生涂层材料新概念，通过控制非反应性小分子硅油、有机硅树脂、颜填料，制备液态的硅油分布在固态的有机硅中的固液两态仿生有机硅低表面能防污减阻涂层。由简入繁以硅油/聚二甲基硅氧烷共混膜、硅油/微纳米粉体-聚二甲基硅氧烷复合涂层为研究对象，通过化学结构和热分析、显微组织结构观察、力学性能测试、表界面特性原位测量、海生物附着实验和实海挂板浸泡、涂层海水动态摩擦阻力矩测量等，研究揭示涂层的固液两态多相组织结构形态、特别是硅油在涂层中的分布存在状态，研究液态硅油向涂层与空气、涂层与海水界面迁移及析出的行为规律，提出固液两态仿生涂层固化成膜及其在服役环境介质中硅油向界面迁移析出机制的演化物理模型，建立固液两态仿生涂层发生硅油析出的热力学判据和动力学关系规律模型，揭示固液两态仿生涂层的防污和减阻行为机制。为研发高性能的无毒船舶防污减阻涂料提供科学基础。

针对所提出得具有模拟生物分泌粘液、实现防污减阻目的的固液两态仿生涂层材料新概念，通过控制非反应性小分子硅油、有机硅树脂、颜填料，制备了液态的硅油分布在固态的有机硅及颜填料中的固液两态仿生有机硅低表面能防污减阻涂层，即硅油/聚二甲基硅氧烷共混膜、硅油/微纳米粉体-聚二甲基硅氧烷复合涂层，通过化学结构和热分析、显微组织结构观察、力学性能测试、表界面特性原位测量、海生物附着实验和实海挂板浸泡、涂层海水动态摩擦阻力矩测量等，研究揭示了涂层的固液两态多相组织结构形态、特别是硅油在涂层中的分布存在状态，研究了液态硅油向涂层与空气、涂层与海水界面迁移及析出的行为规律，提出了固液两态仿生涂层固化成膜及其在服役环境介质中硅油向界面迁移析出机制的演化物理模型，建立了固液两态仿生涂层发生硅油析出的热力学判据和动力学关系规律模型，揭示了固液两态仿生涂层的防污和减阻行为机制。为研发高性能的无毒船舶防污减阻涂料奠定了科学基础。