基于结构-流体耦合作用的双质量飞轮摩擦阻尼环非线性阻尼抗冲击及减振设计理论研究

Initial clearance between spring seats and secondary flywheel will produce shocks in the working process of dual mass flywheel(DMF) with short spring due to processing and assembly factors, and there is small space for increasing the vibration attenuation properties of the DMF through matching and adjusting spring stiffness and each part moment of inertia for the limitation of the structure and the spatial layout. In order to relieve shock effect caused by the clearance between the drive parts and further improve the vibration attenuation performance of the DMF, a friction damping ring structure will be designed and introduced into the DMF in this project. Nonlinear damping characteristics theoretical analysis model of the friction damping ring will be established, and the energy dissipation mechanism of the friction damping ring and secondary flywheel under lubricating medium action will be analyzed. The contact mechanics analysis model of the spring seats and secondary flywheel including the shock effect caused by clearance and the dynamics analysis model of vehicle transmission system equipped with the DMF will be established. And the shock absorbing and vibration attenuation performance of the nonlinear damping in the DMF will be investigated. Optimization algorithm of the friction damping ring structure parameters will be established, and structural optimization design will be conducted to make the friction damping ring have optimal damping characteristics. This research can broaden the vibration attenuation design method of DMF, and the related research results have reference value for vibration attenuation design and theoretical research of other types of DMF and other engineering structures.

由于加工和装配的因素，周向短弹簧双质量飞轮工作过程中存在因弹簧座与次级飞轮间初始间隙引起的冲击，并且由于结构和空间布局的局限性，通过匹配和调整减振弹簧刚度和各转动惯量提升减振性能的空间较小。本项目设计一种双质量飞轮摩擦阻尼环结构，以缓解双质量飞轮传动件间间隙引起的冲击效应和进一步提高减振性能。建立摩擦阻尼环非线性阻尼特性的理论分析模型，研究摩擦阻尼环与次级飞轮在润滑介质作用下能量耗散机制；建立含间隙引起的碰撞效应在内的弹簧座与次级飞轮接触力学分析模型和搭载双质量飞轮的汽车传动系统的动力学分析模型，研究摩擦阻尼环非线性阻尼在双质量飞轮中的抗冲击特性及减振特性；建立摩擦阻尼环结构参数优化算法，对摩擦阻尼环进行结构优化设计以获得最佳阻尼特性。该研究拓宽了双质量飞轮减振设计方法，相关研究成果对其他类型双质量飞轮结构和其他工程结构的减振设计及理论研究具有参考价值。

对于现有周向短弹簧双质量飞轮工作过程中存在因弹簧座与次级飞轮间初始间隙引起的冲击，和由于结构和空间布局的局限性，通过匹配和调整减振弹簧刚度和各转动惯量提升减振性能的空间较小的问题。在不增加结构总体尺寸基础上，本项目设计出一种摩擦阻尼环结构，并完成了具有调速、变负载功能的双质量飞轮转子试验台设计和样机搭建。建立了摩擦阻尼环结构在双质量飞轮中与润滑脂（阻尼脂）相互作用产生摩擦转矩作用的流固耦合有限元分析模型，获得了不同转速下阻尼脂对摩擦阻尼环的非线性变化阻力矩作用的定量关系。采用离散法建立了初级飞轮、次级飞轮、弹簧座在扭转角增大和减小下的力学分析模型，推导了弹簧座与次级飞轮作用力所产生的转矩作用，通过分析计算得到双质量飞轮静态转矩特性和刚度特性，并讨论了不同转速、摩擦系数、弹簧质量和弹簧座质量对静态转矩特性和刚度特性的影响。考虑双质量飞轮中的弹簧座与次级飞轮存在的间隙，推导了弹簧座与次级飞轮接触刚度，并构建了转矩滞回变化数学模型。建立了搭载双质量飞轮的汽车传动系统非线性动力学分析模型。分析了双质量飞轮由于间隙而在发动机启动阶段冲击效应。建立了摩擦阻尼环与初级飞轮的共形接触分析模型，考虑摩擦阻尼环的弹性变形更符合实际情况，而且分析出的系统动态响应中的振动幅值更小。结果表明引入摩擦阻尼环在双质量飞轮中产生的摩擦转矩有利于缓解双质量飞轮中间隙引起的冲击。并且，分析了双质量飞轮转子系统振动分岔和混沌特性。