基于流域控制的高潜水位煤矿区采矿-复垦配置优化机理研究

Subsidence in high ground water areas causes many land, environment, and social problems, including decrease of farmland area, disturbance of environment, and increase of unemployment. Based on the theory of mining subsidence, hydro-geology, land science, and surgery, the key factors that influencing watershed control and concurrent mining and reclamation was decided by analyzing natural and geological conditions. The natural and geological conditions including pre-mining terrain, watershed distribution, condition of underground water, coal seams. Mechanism of mining subsidence and its impacts to farmland and irrigation fertilities was revealed, by utilizing similar material model and numerical simulation. Coal mine composite river was composed of surface water, groundwater, and subsided ponds, the evolution of composite river was simulated, considering several different mining layouts and mining sequence, and coupling mining and reclamation methodology was proposed, based on watershed control theory. Finally, a comprehensive economic model was constructed, which contains both the costs of mining system alternation and profits of reclamation. The integrated method, could optimize the mineral resources, water resources, and land resources, building more beautiful coal mines.

针对高潜水位煤矿区沉陷积水严重所造成的耕地减少，环境受损、农民失业等一系列土地、环境、社会问题。利用开采沉陷学、水文地质学、土地科学、测绘学等理论，通过分析采前地表地形、流域特点、地下水赋存状态、煤层赋存条件等自然地理与地质采矿因素，确定影响流域控制与边开采边复垦的主导性关键因子，并结合这些关键因子采用相似材料模型及数值模拟试验，揭示开采沉陷对耕地及附属设施的影响机理与地表流域演变规律，通过模拟不同采矿条件下（开采布局与开采顺序）地表水系、地下水、沉陷积水坑所组合形成的复合水系演变规律，基于流域控制提出复垦耕地率最高的开采-复垦耦合方案，最后，计算采矿方案调整经济成本与流域控制土地复垦的收益，构建采矿方案调整经济成本与流域控制土地复垦的收益综合经济技术评价模型，实现矿区矿产资源、水资源、土地资源的优化配置，构建美丽矿区。

针对高潜水位煤矿区沉陷积水严重所造成的耕地减少，环境受损、农民失业等一系列土地、环境、社会问题。利用开采沉陷学、水文地质学、土地科学、测绘学等理论，通过分析采前地表地形、流域特点、地下水赋存状态、煤层赋存条件等自然地理与地质采矿因素，确定影响流域控制与边开采边复垦的主导性关键因子，并结合这些关键因子采用相似材料模型及数值模拟试验，揭示开采沉陷对耕地及附属设施的影响机理与地表流域演变规律，发现开采引起的拉伸变形是造成地面裂缝和水工建筑破坏的主要原因，但是对于地面的线状地物（沟渠、塘埂）来说，当工作面开采方向与其一致时候，开采引起的压缩变形与正曲率也会对耕地附属设施造成损毁。沟渠、塘埂模具遭受的压缩变形最大值达到-10.51mm/m，平均超过-5mm/m。利用MSPS沉陷预计与ArcGIS软件的Hydrology功能模块，对不同采矿条件下（开采布局与开采顺序）地表水系、地下水、沉陷积水坑所组合形成的复合水系演变规律进行了模拟，发现开采后地面原始水系及水文单元发生彻底改变，通过适度的地面-地下采矿与复垦方案调整可极大的节约复垦成本，提高效率。利用高分一号卫星数据分析了高潜水位矿区煤炭开采导致的土地利用变化及生态风险与生态资产变化特征，在此基础上，计算了采矿方案调整、土地复垦结合的综合经济效益，构建采矿方案调整经济成本与流域控制土地复垦的收益综合经济技术评价模型，构建了最优的开采-复垦方案，实现矿区矿产资源、水资源、土地资源的优化配置，构建美丽矿区。