多功能氯虫苯甲酰胺纳米缓释剂的制备及生物活性研究

In this study, a pesticide controlled release formulation (CRF) will be developed to deal with excessive pesticide residues and environmental pollution caused by inefficient and long-term application. Chlorantraniliprole porous hollow silica nanoparticles (chlorantraniliprole-PHSNs) will be prepared using chlorantraniliprole as a model pesticide through microemulsion polymerization/hard template method. Chlorantraniliprole-PHSNs will be coated with strong adhesive materials such as polydopamine (PDA) and its derivatives through layer-by-layer assembly. The prepared multifunctionalized CRF (chlorantraniliprole-PHSNs-PDA) will be characterised using scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy, thermogravimetric analysis, et al. The release kinetics of chlorantraniliprole-PHSNs-PDA will be assessed through environmental loads test. Biological activities of chlorantraniliprole-PHSNs-PDA against Chilo suppressalis will be evaluated to validate the relationship between the physicochemical property of chlorantraniliprole-PHSNs-PDA and its efficacy providing the theoretical foundation for the development and application of chlorantraniliprole-PHSNs-PDA. The study is of great theoretical and practical significance to improve the effective utilization of pesticides, and reduce pesticide use as well as residual contamination in the environment and non-target organisms.

针对农药有效利用率低而引起的农残超标、生态环境恶化这一现状，开展新型农药控释剂的研究。拟以氯虫苯甲酰胺（chlorantraniliprole）为模式药物，通过微乳液法/硬模板法制备介孔中空纳米二氧化硅负载农药后利用layer-by-layer法将强粘附性材料多巴胺/多巴胺衍生物等包覆在纳米二氧化硅表面，制备多功能氯虫苯甲酰胺纳米缓释剂，采用扫描电子显微镜（SEM）、透射电子显微镜（TEM）、热重分析（TGA）等进行表征。模拟环境条件，研究纳米缓释剂的缓释动力学和粘附性能；以水稻二化螟（Chilo suppressalis Walker）为靶标害虫研究控释剂的生物效应，明确氯虫苯甲酰胺纳米缓释剂的理化特性和最佳生物效果的关系，为开发与应用该类控释剂提供理论依据。本研究对于提高农药有效利用率，降低农药使用量与残留污染具有重要的理论和现实意义。

本项目基于水稻和甘蓝主要害虫的生理生化特性和杀虫剂的理化性质，开展了多功能农药缓释剂的研究。分别以聚(双丙酮丙烯酰胺)、环糊精、聚(甲基丙烯酸缩水甘油酯-丙烯酸)和聚(N-异丙基烯酰胺-甲基丙烯酸)改性的中空介孔二氧化硅为载体，以溴氰虫酰胺、氯虫苯甲酰胺、阿维菌素和噻虫嗪等为模式农药，制备了粘附性、酶响应、pH响应性和温度响应性杀虫剂缓释剂。采用扫描电子显微镜、透射电子显微镜、热重分析等对这些缓释剂进行了表征。模拟环境条件，研究了缓释剂的缓释动力学和粘附性能；以二化螟、稻纵卷叶螟和小菜蛾等鳞翅目害虫为靶标害虫研究了控释剂的生物效应。新型农药缓释剂具有优异的光热稳定性、较强的耐雨水冲刷性能和刺激响应释放性能，对靶标害虫具有较好的防效和较长的持效期，可以降低农药使用量30-70%。本研究结果为开发与应用该类缓释剂提供理论依据，为提高农药有效利用率、降低农药使用量与残留污染，提供理论指导和技术支撑，具有重要的理论和实践意义。