基于尾梁振动信号的放顶煤煤矸识别技术研究

The coal-gangue identification is the key technology of realizing the auto-intelligent caving top coal mining.The project studies the tail beam vibration characteristics exited by the coal gangue impact, set coal-gangue identification as the research object through the vibration signal analysis. During the research process, combining theoretical analysis, numerical simulation and experiment methods, carry out the research of coal-gangue identification important technology based on tail beam vibration signal, integrated using elastic-plastic mechanics, theory of impact dynamics, granular material mechanics and related knowledge. With coal gangue mechanical parameters, grasp the impact of coal gangue, sliding motion and dynamic characteristics, study the contact behavior of the tail beam under different conditions, build dynamic models of coal gangue directly impact the tail beam, coal gangue indirectly impact tail beam and coal-gangue sliding vibration on the surface of tail beam. Obtain the characteristic changing rule to the waveform for the reason of impact on the tail beam from coal gangue with different contact damping coefficients, analyze the interference rule to the damping characteristics from the tail beam impact response signal with mulch on, grasp the influencing rule to the sliding vibration frequency for the reason of friction coefficient difference between coal gangue and metal. Reveal the macro and micro mechanism of tail beam vibration, study and realize the feasibility of coal gangue identification with the coal gangue impact vibration signal waveform differences and sliding exited vibration signal frequency, determine the recognition testing methods and describe the improved identification scheme.

煤矸识别是实现综采放顶煤自动化、智能化开采的关键技术。项目研究放顶煤过程中煤及矸石对尾梁的激振特性，通过尾梁振动信号实现煤矸辨识，采用理论分析、数值模拟和试验相结合的方法，综合运用弹塑性力学、冲击动力学及颗粒物质力学等理论及相关知识，开展基于尾梁振动信号的放顶煤煤矸识别关键技术研究。通过分析煤矸材料力学参数、煤矸冲击、滑移的运动和动力学特性，研究不同条件下煤矸与尾梁的接触行为，建立煤矸直冲尾梁的动力学模型、煤矸间接冲击尾梁的动力学模型以及尾梁表面煤矸滑移激振的动力学模型，获取煤矸与金属冲击接触阻尼对尾梁振动波形的特征变化规律，分析尾梁表面覆盖物对冲击信号阻尼特征的干扰，掌握煤矸与金属摩擦系数对滑移激振频率的影响规律，揭示尾梁振动产生的宏观和微观机理，实现利用煤矸冲击激振信号的波形阻尼差异和滑移激振信号的频率差异进行煤矸辨识的可行性方案，确定检测识别手段并给出可识别度提升方案。

项目通过理论、仿真和试验相结合的方法，研究了放顶煤过程中煤及矸石对尾梁的激振特性。综合运用弹塑性力学、接触力学、冲击动力学理论，构建了煤矸与金属板的弹性及准脆性冲击接触动力学理论模型，开展了煤矸与金属板的冲击接触仿真和试验，研究得到了煤矸与金属板的冲击接触响应规律及接触机理。在此基础上，构建了煤矸单颗粒与尾梁的冲击接触动力学模型，建立了煤矸单颗粒与尾梁的刚柔耦合冲击动力学模型，研究了煤矸冲击后尾梁的接触特性。通过分析煤矸材料力学参数、煤矸冲击、滑移的运动和动力学特性，将煤矸与尾梁的接触行为分为直接冲击、间接冲击和滑移三种类型，建立了煤矸直冲尾梁的动力学模型、煤矸间接冲击尾梁的动力学模型以及尾梁表面煤矸滑移激振的动力学模型，研究了不同条件下煤矸与尾梁的接触行为，基于不同条件的接触结果分析，得到了获取煤矸与金属冲击接触阻尼对尾梁振动波形的特征变化规律，分析了尾梁表面覆盖物对冲击信号阻尼特征的干扰，掌握了煤矸与金属摩擦系数对滑移激振频率的影响规律，揭示了尾梁振动产生的宏观和微观机理。分别开展了多组煤矸颗粒与金属板的冲击试验和煤矸群颗粒与液压支架的冲击滑移试验，分别提取了煤矸与金属板及尾梁的振动信号，通过信号处理和特征提取，采用多种分类算法开展了煤矸识别技术研究，据此得到了有效的基于金属板振动信号的煤矸颗粒识别方法和基于尾梁振动信号的煤矸群颗粒与液压支架冲击滑移的识别方法，识别精度均达到93%以上，实现了利用煤矸冲击激振信号的波形阻尼差异和滑移激振信号的频率差异进行煤矸辨识的可行性方案。研究成果为放顶煤煤矸识别提供了方法，对实现综放开采自动化具有重要意义。