土石堤坝管涌演化进程中的电场动态响应特征及临界阀值研究

By means of theoretical analysis, numerical analysis, model test, digital signal analysis, image processing and field testing and other means, based on existing research results, through the establishment of the analysis model of three-dimensional electric field dynamic response characteristics of the earth-rock dam during the evolution process of piping, the 3-D electric field distribution and response characteristics of a typical electrode of the earth dam during piping evolution process was analyzed, the relationship between the piping characteristic parameters and the electric parameters of the earth-rock dam during piping evolution process was proposed, the dynamic changes of three-dimensional electric field with the evolution of the response characteristics of the piping will be discovered. The three-dimensional electric field dynamic monitoring method and inversion recognition technology of the earth-rock dam during piping evolution process were established based indoor physical model test, the interval electric field information and the critical field information of each stage during piping evolution process were analyzed, a three- dimensional critical electric field threshold values of the earth-rock dam piping state and its criterion were proposed, and the electric field characteristics of piping occurring and damage early warning method was established. Finally, combined with the engineering application, further validation of the earth-rock dam piping warning adaptability. This project not only laid the scientific theoretical foundation for the earth-rock dam piping monitoring and early warning, but also has important practical significance for the promotion of water conservancy project disaster prevention technology progress.

采用理论分析、数值模拟、模型试验、数字信号分析、图像处理和现场测试等多种手段，基于已有研究成果，通过建立土石堤坝管涌演化各阶段管涌状态的三维电场动态响应特征分析模型，研究堤坝管涌演化进程中堤坝三维电场的分布规律以及单个典型电极的三维响应特征，构建管涌演化进程中各管涌状态特征参数与电场特征参数之间的相关关系，揭示随管涌演化的三维电场响应特征的动态变化规律。通过室内物理模型试验，建立土石堤坝管涌演化的三维电场动态监测方法与反演识别技术；通过管涌演化各阶段的区间电场信息和临界电场信息分析，提出土石堤坝管涌演化各阶段间的三维电场临界阈值及其判定准则，并初步构建基于电场特征的堤坝管涌演化预测方法。最后结合工程应用，进一步验证土石堤坝管涌演化预测方法的适应性。本项目研究不仅为土石堤坝管涌演化过程的动态跟踪、演化预测和破坏预警奠定科学的理论基础，而且对于推动水利工程减灾防灾技术进步具有重要的现实意义。

管涌作为典型的渗透破坏形式，是在役土石堤坝发生局部破坏、出现重大险情甚至产生全面溃决的主要原因之一。现有堤坝管涌探测技术无法反映管涌实时的态势与趋势，致使针对堤坝管涌的处置目前仍处于应急干预层面。为了实现土石堤坝管涌演化状态的快速识别和有效预测，本项目采用理论分析、数值模拟、模型试验、信号分析等多种手段相结合的研究方法，建立了土石堤坝管涌演化的概化模型和管涌演化进程中的电场响应特征分析模型，揭示了土石堤坝管涌演化进程中的电场特征及其变化规律，构建了土石堤坝管涌演化的电场监测与识别方法，并初步提出了基于电场特征的土石堤坝管涌演化预测方法。研究结果表明，土石堤坝的管涌演化进程与电场响应特征具有显著的相关性，堤坝在管涌演化进程中的电位增量总体呈现出先不断增大、后快速减小的变化规律。基于电场特征的土石堤坝管涌演化预测方法能够实现针对堤坝管涌状态的有效预测，从而提高了土石堤坝的灾变预警能力，后续研究需加强该方法在实际工程中的适用性检验，使其得到不断完善与优化。项目的研究从理论上为土石堤坝管涌的识别与预测提供了具有创新性和多学科交叉的研究思路，研究成果对提高堤坝的动态探测和防灾减灾技术水平具有重要的指导意义，极具推广应用价值。通过项目研究，发表学术论文10篇，获得国家授权专利4项，培养毕业博士研究生2名、毕业硕士研究生2名，在研博士研究生1名、硕士研究生1名。