基于氧空位诱发氧猝灭效应的高温压力敏感涂层测量技术研究

The aim of the proposed research is to solve the bottleneck issue of current pressure-sensitive paint being invalid at temperatures higher than 100 ℃, and develop a high-temperature pressure-sensitive paint measurement technique which is functional in the range of 100-500 ℃. This technique is based on a newly discovered oxygen quenching mechanism triggered by oxygen vacancy. The oxygen vacancy enhances phosphorescence, which results in an inverse relation between phosphorescent intensity/lifetime and oxygen concentration (surface pressure). Since this novel oxygen quenching effect is valid at high temperatures up to 600 ℃, it can serve as the theoretical basis for developing high-temperature pressure-sensitive paint technology. To deal with the challenges of low signal-to-noise ratio and large temperature change in high-temperature environment, a dual-component pressure-sensitive paint will be developed which is able to measure surface pressure and temperature simultaneously and use temperature field to correct the pressure results; a dual-gate lifetime-based method will be used for measurement to improve signal-to-noise ratio and remove thermal radiation signal, so that high measurement accuracy can be achieved. Meanwhile, the pressure-sensitive paint will be fabricated by air plasma spray technology to ensure high bonding strength and temperature resistance. This novel optical aerodynamic measurement technique has good promises in turbomachinary and hypersonic applications, and will provide advanced and fine experimental support for the development of aero engine, gas turbine and hypersonic vehicle.

本项目旨在解决现有压力敏感涂层PSP在100℃以上失效的瓶颈问题，发展一种适用于100-500℃范围的高温压力敏感涂层测量技术。该技术基于新发现的一种由氧空位诱发的氧猝灭效应，即材料中的氧空位对磷光起增强作用，导致磷光光强和寿命随氧浓度(表面压力)上升而降低。这一新型氧猝灭效应在600℃高温下仍有效，因此能够作为发展高温压敏涂层技术的理论基础。针对高温测量面临的信噪比低、温度变化大等挑战，本项目拟开发双组份压敏涂层系统，实现表面压力与温度的同步测量并使用温度场对压力测量结果进行修正；测量方法采用双帧寿命法，在提升信噪比的同时消除热辐射信号干扰，从而提高测量精度。同时，将采用等离子喷涂技术进行压敏涂层制备，以保证涂层的粘结强度和耐高温特性。这一新型光学气动测量技术在动力机械与高超声速领域有良好的应用前景，能够为航空发动机、燃气轮机与高超声速飞行器的研发提供先进且精细的测试手段支撑。

本项目基于磷光陶瓷材料的高温氧猝灭效应开发了一种新型高温压敏涂层PSP。课题组按照计划完成了高温PSP氧猝灭效应机理研究，双组份PSP的设计与优化，压力与温度同步测量系统的搭建与测试，图像处理与误差修正算法的开发以及实验验证等各部分研究工作。本项目的研究首先厘清了掺杂离子种类与浓度对稀土离子掺杂YSZ磷光陶瓷材料氧/压力敏感特性的影响规律，进而开发了一种YSZ:Eu,Er共掺双组份高温PSP，原理上实现了最高600℃下压力与温度的同步测量，突破了现有PSP在100℃以上失效的瓶颈。随后发展了一系列面向极端测试环境的测量方法，主要包括高速运动模型PSP测量方法、光路受限内流场PSP测量方法以及高超声速PSP与TSP测量方法，解决了温度误差与背景辐射干扰等问题，实现了表面压力与温度场的精细化测量，最终达到了预定的研究目标。本项目在Experiments in Fluids, Sensors & Actuators A/B，Measurement Science and Technology等实验流体与测量传感领域高水平期刊发表SCI论文21篇，发表中文核心期刊论文2篇，获得2项国家发明专利授权，培养博士生毕业3名，硕士生毕业4名。本项目的研究成果有力推动了PSP，TSP以及磷光陶瓷等先进光学测量技术的进步，极大拓展了上述技术在直升机，高超声速飞行器与航空发动机等领域的应用。成果主要应用单位包括中国空气动力研究与发展中心（直升机旋翼测试，高超声速风洞测试，弹道靶自由飞测试），中科院力学所（JF-12高超飞行复现风洞测试）与中航发608所（航发涡轮叶片气动与传热测试），所获得的全场精细气动力/热实验结果有力支撑了相关基础研究与型号测试。