可充电移动传感器网络的能量管理与路径规划问题研究

As an importantly fundamental part of Internet of Things (IoTs), sensor networks are faced with several unsolved problems in energy provision and data collection, which hinder the rapid development of IoTs. The energy harvesting technologies and the mobile terminals have been employed to deal with these problems in sensor networks, but incur several challenges to the design of energy management and data transmission schemes. In this project, we focus on the energy management, data transmission, and mobility planning problems, which are the key scientific issues in rechargeable mobile sensor networks, and propose several efficient solutions. Firstly, considering the uncertainty of harvested energy, limited energy storage of sensors and dynamic network topology, we develop the dynamic models of energy harvesting and energy consumption, and design several energy managements to improve the energy efficiency. Secondly, we analyze the effects of sink nodes’ mobility on network topology and sensors’ energy consumption model, and design several data transmission schemes to maximize the data collection performance in the networks. Thirdly, we analyze the effects of the mobile trajectory and velocity on the optimal data transmission schemes as well as their data collection performances, and then design an optimal mobility planning scheme for sink node to maximize the data collection performance in rechargeable mobile sensor networks. Lastly, both the effectiveness of the proposed protocols and the correctness of the theoretical results will be verified by simulations and experiments. This project is beneficial in providing great theoretical and technical supports to research and application of IoTs.

传感器网络作为物联网应用的重要前端组成部分，其能量供给和数据收集问题妨碍了物联网的快速发展。能量收集技术和移动终端为传感器网络提供解决方案的同时也为网络能量管理和数据传输策略的设计带来了诸多挑战。本项目针对可充电移动传感器网络的能量管理、数据传输和路径规划等关键问题提出了有效解决方案。首先，基于所收集能量不确定性、节点储能受限以及移动性导致的节点能耗动态性，构建节点能量收集和消耗的动态模型，设计能量管理策略以提高能量利用效率。其次，分析节点移动轨迹对网络拓扑和节点能耗模型的影响，结合能量管理策略设计数据传输策略来优化网络数据传输性能。接着，构建节点移动轨迹和运动速度与数据传输策略及其数据收集性能的动态关系模型，设计路径规划策略以最大化网络数据收集性能。最后，通过软件仿真和搭建实验平台验证理论成果的正确性和所提算法的高效性。本项目将为物联网技术的研究与应用提供重要理论基础和技术支撑。

本项目充分发挥申请人及项目组成员在资源管理与优化方面的优势，研究了可充电物联网的能量管理与调度优化这一国际前沿热点问题，以融合能量管理、资源调度、协同优化为研究目标，以提高能量效率和系统性能优化为核心，开展了以下研究内容并取得了一系列研究成果，主要包括：1）建立了节点能量收集和消耗的动态模型，基于所收集能量的不确定性设计了高效能量管理方案来最大化网络数据服务质量；2）建立了节点位置、网络拓扑与数据传输策略之间动态关系模型，设计了动态网络拓扑下的数据传输策略来最大化网络数据收集性能；3）建立节点移动轨迹和运动速度与数据收集性能的动态关系模型，设计了节点移动的最佳移动轨迹和运动速度及其最佳数据传输策略，提高整个系统的数据收集性能；4）搭建仿真实验平台，验证理论结果和所提算法的有效性。