小麦再生单性花遗传控制机理研究

Reciprocal crosses between YA-1 with excellent flower-regenerable ability in immature embryo culture and Chinese Spring (CS) with poor response in flower regeneration were made. The maternal effect played a minor role in the inheritance of the in vitro trait since the difference among the reciprocal cross values was not significant. The flower-regenerable potential of YA-1 was hereditable because all the generations like F1、F2、F3 、BC1、BC2 from the combination between YA-1 and CS as well as F1、F2 from those between YA-1 and the ditelosomic (DT) lines of CS regenerated flower buds. The F1 generations between the parents which can not regenerate flower buds can not produced flowers, too. However, those from the combinations between YA-1 and CS and Mianyang 11 formed flower buds at the similar percentage to that of patent YA-1. In addition, the trait expression was controlled by both environmental and dose effects. The results showed that the flower regeneration of YA-1 was probably controled by major genes. The observation discovered that the flower buds regenerated from parent YA-1 and the hybrid progenies were morphologically diverse like uni- or bi- or tri-furcate fearther-like stigmas, biovulate ovaries and the feather-like structures on the leaf apex, etc. besides normal pistillate flowers. These results are of importance to understand the profound mystery in flower development. Some results have been reported and other data are under analysis and writing. In a word, the main research tasks in this aid project were accomplished.

从近千份小麦资源中筛选到一份能稳定表达花优异再生能力的新材料YA-1，再生花芽呈无雄蕊多雌蕊的变态。将用花再生率为零的小麦与其杂交分析其遗传规律；用绵阳11单体和中国春端体与其杂交进行基因定位。居此，用相应的中国春缺体四体及端体材料检测其遗传控制与生理生化调控之间的内在联系。