萎锈灵杀菌剂对提高新疆棉花苗期耐低温冷害能力的机制研究

Xinjiang early spring low temperature and late spring coldness frequently causes the ‘seedling emergence difficult’ problem restricting the area of the development of the cotton industry for a long time. After years of research and production practice showed that indicated using which contain antiseptic coating cotton is an effective measure to solve the above problem, seed coating has become an essential technology especially in the northern xinjiang cotton production in xinjiang. However, it is not clear that the seed coating can improve the ability of cotton to resist low temperature stress, the key regulation, and the low temperature threshold, duration, frequency of cotton seed coating. In this study, carboxin bactericidal agent and dispersing agent and other additives specially prepared for cotton seed coating, simulated field production characteristics of inverted spring set temperature, time and frequency of different processing, from the fate of pesticides, crop physiology, crop cultivation and other point of view, research the mechanism of carboxin sterilization agent resistance to chilling injury on improving cotton, and the association of different temperature and low-temperature treatment for early warning, early sowing, yield and production to provide a scientific basis for disaster prevention and mitigation, as an antiseptic function mining, cotton cultivation and crop resistance research provide the basis, providing theoretical support for the development of technology, multi function seed demonstration the promotion, to promote the development of seed coating technology, promoting the characteristics and advantages of Xinjiang crop cotton industry development significance.

新疆早春气温低、倒春寒频繁发生导致的“出苗、保苗率低”问题长期制约该区棉花产业发展。多年研究、生产实践证明用内含杀菌剂成分的种衣剂包衣棉种是解决上述问题的有效措施，种子包衣已成为新疆尤其是北疆棉花生产必不可缺的技术。但是，种子包衣为何能提高棉花抗低温冷害能力、何时关键调控，以及棉种包衣后能承受低温阈值、持续时长、危害频次等问题尚不明确。本研究将萎锈灵杀菌剂与分散剂等助剂经过特殊工艺制备成种衣剂包衣棉种，模拟大田生产倒春寒发生特点，设置不同的温度、时间、频次等处理，从农药归趋、作物生理、作物栽培等角度，研究萎锈灵杀菌剂对提高棉花耐低温冷害能力的作用机制，并关联不同温度处理和低温预警，为适时早播增产、防灾减灾保产提供科学依据，为杀菌剂功能挖掘、棉花高产栽培、作物抗逆等研究提供依据，为多功能种衣剂的研制、示范推广提供技术理论支撑，对促进种子包衣技术发展、推动新疆特色优势作物棉花产业发展意义重大。

针对新疆早春气温低、“倒春寒”频繁发生导致 “出苗、保苗率低”问题长期制约该区棉花产业发展。多年研究、生产实践证明用内含杀菌剂成分的种衣剂包衣棉种是解决上述问题的有效措施，尤其是北疆棉花生产必不可缺的技术。因此，本研究将萎锈灵杀菌剂与分散剂等助剂经过特殊工艺制备成种衣剂包衣棉种，在大田自然低温冷害环境和室内模拟大田生产“倒春寒”环境下，从农艺性状、生理生态等角度研究萎锈灵对棉种发芽、幼苗生长、细胞超微结构、根际环境等方面的影响，探讨棉花低温冷害与萎锈灵包衣的关系，明确了萎锈灵杀菌剂对提高棉花耐低温冷害能力的生理机制，进而开展萎锈灵与其他农药复配，研发产品，研制出8.2%萎锈灵·咯菌腈悬浮种衣剂，用其包衣种子，既能防病，还能抗寒，实现一品多用、一品多功能，是农药减施的有效措施和轻简化技术，为切实贯彻落实《2020年化学农药零增长》国家战略提供了理论指导和产品支撑，对促进农药学科发展、种子包衣技术进步、丰富抗逆生理内容、保障新疆特色优势作物棉花高质量发展、安全供给提供了技术支撑。在项目执行过程中，申请发明专利2项（其中已授权发明专利1项）；发表核心期刊论文5篇（均为第一标注，其中北大中文核心期刊论文4篇）；制定新疆地方标准1项，企业标准2项；作为硕士导师与新疆农业大学联合培养研究生3名。本研究按照计划执行完成了项目目标。