复杂环境下方位基准高精度快速传递关键技术研究

The azimuth datum should be rapid transferred to the guiding system of the missile accurately through the photoelectric collimation theodolite before the ballistic missile is launched. The precision of the azimuth datum transferring directly determines the transverse deviation quantum of the missile from the right target point. However, under certain using conditions and with the impact of the complex battlefield environment there will be some axis error with the theodolite. It will greatly reduce the measurement accuracy of the theodolite. During the transfer process, another problem is that with the change of the environment temperature the shift of the image plane position of the CCD in the theodolite collimation system would be greater than the DOF (depth of focus). It will result in the reduction of the imaging quality and influences the calculation precision of the orientation. Therefore, it is important to research the key technology of azimuth datum rapid transferring with high precision under complex environment to improve the orientation precision of the guiding system of the missile. In this research the work will be carried out based on two key technologies, the new high accuracy axis error compensation technology and the DOF elongation technology. The research focuses on building the new high accuracy axis error compensation model, analyzing the mechanism of the impact of the axle error with the large axle error or coupled error, discussing the DOF elongation problem based on the Gaussian super-resolution theory and the optimum design of the super-resolving pupil under the condition of multi-parameters restriction. The research results will be effective to achieve azimuth datum rapid transferring with high precision under complex environment. Consequently, this research work is helpful to improve the adaptability of the missile weapon system to the environment and the firing accuracy and has great military meaning. Furthermore, it also has important value to increase the technique level of the corresponding filed in theory.

弹道导弹发射前需要通过瞄准仪将北向方位基准快速精确传递给导弹制导系统，瞄准仪方位基准传递精度的高低直接影响到导弹落点的横向偏差。然而受作战使用条件以及战场复杂环境的影响，瞄准仪轴系往往会存在一定误差，会对瞄准仪测量精度带来影响。此外，瞄准仪光电测量系统的像面易受温度影响发生漂移，使成像质量下降，影响方位测算精度。为了提高导弹制导系统的定向精度，亟需开展复杂环境下方位基准高精度快速传递关键技术研究。项目拟围绕瞄准仪轴系误差高精度补偿以及光学系统轴向焦深延长两个关键技术展开，重点针对瞄准仪轴系误差高精度建模、轴系误差源作用机理、基于高斯光束入射的有限视场超分辨理论中的焦深延展以及多参量约束条件下光瞳滤波器的最优化设计等几个问题进行研究，以实现复杂环境下方位基准高精度快速传递。项目对于提高导弹武器系统的环境适应性以及打击精度具有重大的军事意义，对于提高相关领域的技术水平也具有重要的理论价值。

弹道导弹发射前需要将北向方位基准精确传递给导弹制导与控制系统，从而为导弹飞行提供基准方向，使其按预定弹道飞行，实现导弹武器的精确打击。方位基准传递精度的高低直接影响到导弹落点的横向偏差。当前，实施方位基准传递的核心设备是瞄准仪，但是在复杂环境下瞄准仪存在易受干扰，测角精度不高等问题。为了解决这些问题，项目以导弹瞄准仪为对象，结合复杂环境下方位基准快速传递需求，围绕瞄准仪轴系误差高精度补偿和焦深延长两项关键技术展开研究。.针对复杂环境下瞄准仪轴系误差的大范围、高精度补偿需求，根据瞄准仪的目标测量原理，考虑瞄准仪在测量过程中的轴系变换矩阵以及旋转策略，通过坐标变换建立了新的高精度三轴误差补偿模型，深入探讨了轴系误差源作用机理以及大误差条件下对测量精度的影响。在此基础上，对模型进行改进，提出了一种能够满足环境适应性需求、对调平误差能够进行有效补偿的技术方案。试验结果证明了大误差条件下新模型的有效性。此外，针对瞄准仪和标杆仪竖轴对心偏差问题，建立了基于双对心偏差的误差补偿模型，分析了竖轴对心偏差和轴系误差共同存在时的影响，并提出了相应的误差补偿方法。.针对复杂环境下瞄准仪CCD像面受温度影响产生的漂移大于系统焦深而导致成像质量下降的问题，提出了基于有限视场超分辨理论的焦深延长策略。讨论了基于高斯光束的有限视场超分辨理论，建立了相关超分辨参数模型。在此基础上，研究了振幅型和位相型两类常用光瞳滤波器的焦深延长以及超分辨特性，重点对光瞳滤波器结构参数对焦深和系统分辨率的影响进行了分析。最后，通过求解有约束的最优化问题，设计了基于二区和三区位相型光瞳滤波器的超分辨光电接收系统。仿真结果表明所设计的二区和三区光瞳滤波器分别可以使系统焦深提高2.9和3.4倍，两种情况下的焦深均大于受环境干扰而产生的像面漂移量。同时，系统的分辨率也得到了提升。利用优化设计的光瞳滤波器有效提高了瞄准仪的环境适应性和测角精度。