稻壳纳米二氧化硅及其对混凝土材料改性的基础研究

Utilization Research on rice husk, straw and other agricultural waste quality has an extremely important significance for the sustainable development of the society, which is a major national scientific and technological development. The project that studies by rice husk pyrolysis system the biological source nanostructures SiO2 and its fundamental problem for concrete material change of surname. The research project includes: 1. systematic research on the deposition site of SiO2 in rice husk , the configuration of Si atomic, the composition and particle size of SiO2 aggregate and the micro-/meso-structure characteristics of SiO2 silicified bodies in each parts; 2.comprehensive investigation the structure variation of SiO2 with the organic components in rice husk by pyrolysis under different pyrolysis conditions; to explore the best pyrolysis process parameters of rice husk and prepare the low temperature pyrolysis device; 3.to compare the pozzolanic activity and the strongly strengthen- effect on cement concrete material of the biological source nano-SiO2 with that of the ordinary gas phase nano-SiO2. The project for the high quality utilization of rice husk provide important theoretical basis, which not only conducive to dig maximize the potential resources value of the rice husks, and help alleviate the rice husk enormous pressure on the environment, but also help to create a concrete other inexpensive bulk material applications of nanotechnological transformation of the new situation.

有关稻壳等农业废弃物的高质化利用研究，对社会的可持续发展具有极其重要的意义，是国家重大科技发展问题。本项目研究由稻壳热解制取生物源纳米结构SiO2及其对混凝土材料改性的有关基础问题。项目的研究内容包括：系统研究稻壳中SiO2沉积的部位、各部位Si原子的构型、各部位SiO2团聚体的组成和颗粒大小以及硅化体的微观和细观结构；考察不同热解条件下，有机组分热解后，所得SiO2的结构变异；探索稻壳热解最佳参数，比较所制备的生物源纳米SiO2与普通气相纳米SiO2的火山灰活性及其对水泥混凝土材料的改性作用。本项目的研究将为稻壳的高质化利用提供重要的理论基础，不仅有利于最大限度地挖掘稻壳潜在的资源价值，有利于缓解稻壳对环境的巨大压力，而且有利于开创水泥混凝土等大宗价廉材料应用纳米技术改造的新局面。

本项目研究内容为由稻壳热解制取生物源纳米结构SiO2及其对混凝土材料改性的有关基础问题。项目通过系统研究稻壳中SiO2沉积的部位、各部位SiO2团聚体的组成和颗粒大小以及硅化体的微观和细观结构，确定了稻壳中SiO2以结晶状态存在。通过考察不同热解条件下，有机组分热解后，所得SiO2的结构变异，探索出了稻壳的热解最佳条件，可以获得高纯度无定形稻壳纳米SiO2。通过比较所制备的生物源纳米SiO2、硅灰与普通气相纳米SiO2的火山灰活性及其对水泥混凝土材料的改性作用，得出通过自制稻壳低温热解装置所制备的生物源具有超高火山灰活性，可增强混凝土强度和耐久性。项目资助发表SCI论文3篇，待授权国际专利2篇。培养博士生1名，硕士生5名。项目投入经费80万元，支出32.45万元，剩余经费 47.55万元，剩余经费计划用于本项目研究后续支出。