替代氦-3的硼-10多级网格气体中子探测器

As an ideal probe to detect the structure and dynamics behavior of a matter, neutron scattering has been widely applied to many scientific fields. Neutron detector is the key component of the neutron scattering instruments. Almost all current neutron detectors are based on 3He. Facing the global crisis of 3He supply recently, the research on the new kind of neutron detectors as an alternative to 3He becomes extremely urgent, which has been the present international research hotspot in the field of particle detection. This project will intend to develop the novel 10B multi-grid gas neutron detector as an alternative to 3He. By the fabrication of a principle prototype, we focus on the research of the key technologies, such as the multi-grid design, the fabrication, the extraction of multi-channel HV and the signal readout, to mainly improve the thermal neutron efficiency. The multi-grid is just recently invented as the most novel neutron detector structure in the World. There are still lots of critical technologies to study with much deeper research. The applicant keeps up with the international development tendency, begins to study the multi-grid detector based on the domestic techniques and the user demand in China, and does the research and development on the new kind of neutron detection technology with self-owned intellectual properties, which is the scientific interest and the innovation of the project.

中子散射技术是研究物质结构和动力学性质的理想探针，已在众多学科领域的研究中被广泛采用。中子探测器是中子散射谱仪的核心部件,其中绝大部分采用氦-3探测技术。近年来国际上出现氦-3气体资源严重短缺的局面，研发替代氦-3的新型中子探测器已迫在眉睫，目前该方向已成为粒子探测器领域的研究热点。本项目拟对可替代氦-3的新型硼-10多级网格(Multi-Grid)探测技术开展深入研究，通过小型原理样机的研制，研究多级网格探测器的设计与制作、多路高压引出以及信号读出方式等关键技术，着重提高探测器的探测效率。多级网格是目前国际上最新提出的中子探测器结构，其中还有很多关键技术有待研究，申请人紧跟国际发展趋势，在国内发展这种新型网格探测器，立足于国内技术与用户需求，开发具有自主知识产权的国产高性能新型中子探测技术，这是本项目提出的科学意义和创新之处。

项目组紧跟国际发展的研究热点，立足于国内技术与国内用户需求，对新型网格(Multi-Grid)探测技术开展了深入研究，通过对网格探测器的设计与制作、多路高压引出以及信号读出方式等关键技术的研究，完成了一套有效探测面积170mm×44mm的网格探测器小型原理样机，实现了5×5的网格单元结构和10层的中子转换，经计算热中子探测效率达32%，网格单元尺寸为8mm×8mm，沿丝方向的位置分辨率约为8.2mm(FWHM)。通过本项目的研究，掌握了网格探测器的关键技术，为以后发展和使用大面积网格探测器奠定技术基础，促进我国中子散射技术稳步可持续发展。