时变大功率输入径向柱塞泵的能耗机理解析及高能效设计

High-power hydraulic wind turbine has been drawing lot attentions because of its advantages of high power density, high reliability and being able to absorb input fluctuation. However, given the large scale of power, some critical problems arise from the design of its hydraulic transmission system, including the complexity of topology structure as well as the difficulties in identifying energy transfer paths and mastering the hydrodynamic characteristics . Focusing on the key energy transitions of high-power hydraulic wind turbine system (mechanic power->hydraulic power), this study aims at methodologies and technologies for energy dissipation analysis and highly energy efficient design of large radial piston pump with time-varying large power inputs. Given the critical requirements on light-weight, compact structure and maintainability of high-power wind turbines, this project will first study on methodologies for topological structure synthesis and structure weight reduction under complex space constraints, based on which the modular system design will be proposed. Next, the research on identification and mechanism analysis of energy dissipations, as well as optimization of energy transfer paths will be carried out. Then, the project will be focused on the development of methodologies for numerical analysis of multi-pump unsteady flow mechanism based on fusion of real time measurements and simulations, as well as the simulation techniques and experiments for analyzing fluid transients and high pressures in compound pipelines of pump and valves. Last but not least, the project has also planned for the development of software prototypes for design and assessment of high-power radial piston pumps. This project is expected to contribute to building the theoretical and technological foundations of high-power radial piston pump R&D, as well as the development of large dynamic systems with high power hydraulic powertrains in China.

大功率液压增速风力机因为具有功率密度大、可靠性高和吸收输入能量波动等优点而备受关注。但是大功率传递将导致液压系统拓扑结构异常复杂，能耗环节不易识别，液动特性难于把握。本项目以大功率风力机能量传递过程中的关键环节（机械能->液压能）为研究对象，研究时变大功率输入径向柱塞泵的能量损耗机理解析和高能效设计方法。首先针对轻量化和易维修的要求，研究空间约束大功率柱塞泵拓扑结构综合和轻量化方法，生成模块化结构设计方案；然后研究该型柱塞泵的关键能耗环节及能耗模式识别、能耗机理解析和高效能量传递路径优化方法；其后研究基于实时测量与仿真融合的多泵阀复杂液压系统非定常流动机理的数值解析和大功率液压系统回路中瞬态过渡高压机理及实验等性能评价关键技术；最后开发该型柱塞泵设计与评价原型系统。本项目研究成果将为我国研发大功率径向柱塞泵提供基本方法和基础技术支持，也可为基于大功率液压驱动的动力系统的设计提供理论基础。

大功率液压增速风力机因为具有功率密度大、可靠性高和吸收输入能量波动等优点而备受关注。但是大功率传递将导致液压系统拓扑结构异常复杂，能耗环节不易识别，液动特性难于把握。本项目研究了时变大功率输入径向柱塞泵的能量损耗机理解析和高能效设计方法。①提出了大型风力发电机用径向柱塞泵的参数化方案生成与评价方法。建立了柱塞泵的参数方案生成模型，在有限范围内展开穷举，生成了若干面向风电的大功率径向柱塞泵的参数设计方案。以主轴转矩脉动、出口流量脉动、传动效率等为评价指标，对柱塞泵的参数方案进行评价，获得较优的参数方案，完善了低速大功率径向柱塞泵的拓扑结构参数设计方法。②进行了径向柱塞泵大功率化过程结构演化规律研究及大功率柱塞泵设计方法。优选了关键设计参数，建立了径向柱塞泵参数模型。从单柱塞泵模型开始，研究了功率增大对主要结构参数和性能的影响，获得了大功率化过程从单柱塞泵到多柱塞泵结构的演化规律。据此提出了面向风电用大型径向柱塞泵的设计方法。③提出了基于设计域的求解-综合能量建模法。进而分别研究了设计信息的分解映射框架和能量流关系图用以支持求解过程和综合过程，进而识别出能量建模所需的关键设计信息，再利用设计域所对应的设计特征对能量流造成影响的固有模式实现了能量信息的求解。④进行了低速大功率径向柱塞泵的动态特性分析和腔内压力瞬态变化规律识别。建立了单柱塞-插装阀模型和整体仿真模型，通过仿真分析获得了腔内压力随柱塞运动及腔内油液进出的变化规律，把握了柱塞泵出口流量脉动、转矩脉动的变化和柱塞从动件运动之间的关系。详细分析了柱塞腔内压力、流量、泄漏之间的关系，揭示了阀门开启和关闭过程的柱塞腔内流场参数的变化趋势。本项目研究成果可为我国研发大功率径向柱塞泵提供基本方法和基础技术支持，也可为基于大功率液压驱动的动力系统的设计提供理论基础。