双极荷电强化旋风分离烟道飞灰中细颗粒物的基础研究

The project will establish a method that could enhance cyclone separation efficiency of the fine particles in flue fly ash by applying the bipolar charging technology. The effects of operating conditions and structure parameters for the bipolar charging process of flue fly ash will be investigated with the purpose of elaborating the mechanism of charging process and then proposing the mathematical model of the charging particle flow. We will investigate the effects of operating conditions on coagulation and separation for bipolar charging flue fly ash in the field of cyclone and the coupling mechanism of the Coulomb force, turbulent coagulation and centrifugal separation and then set up the mathematical model of this process. Effects of operating conditions and structure parameters on the particle trajectory will be studied by simulation; the structure design optimization and experimental comparative study will be made in order to achieve the “selective mixing” for different size particles, the related design principle will be proposed as well. The project will provide the theoretical basis for the enhanced cyclone separation efficiency with bipolar charging technology; and it will support the application of this technology in dust elimination of flue fly ash. Thus, the project is of significant academic values and promising prospects.

本项目运用双极荷电技术建立强化旋风分离烟道飞灰中细颗粒物的方法。考察操作条件和结构参数对烟道飞灰双极荷电过程的影响，阐述荷电过程机理，建立流动颗粒荷电数学模型；考察操作条件对双极荷电烟道飞灰在旋风场中凝并、分离的影响，研究库仑力、湍流凝并和离心分离的耦合机制，揭示双极荷电技术强化旋风分离细颗粒物的机理，建立相关数学模型；采用计算模拟的方法，研究操作条件和结构参数对颗粒运行轨迹的影响，以实现不同粒径颗粒的“选择性混合”为目标，优化结构设计，进行对比实验研究，提出相关设计准则。项目将为双极荷电强化旋风分离技术的开发提供理论基础，并为该技术在烟道飞灰除尘中的运用提供技术支撑，具有重要的学术价值和较好的应用前景。

本项目自主开发了双极荷电强化旋风分离烟道飞灰中细颗粒物的实验平台；实验验证了双极荷电能够强化旋风分离过程中细颗粒物的凝并效果，在6.0 KV荷电电压下PM2.5的脱除效率从10%提高到了58%。建立了双极荷电强化旋风分离过程的数学模型、探讨了模型机理，模型计算结果与实验数据基本吻合。利用双极荷电技术设计了多型强化颗粒物脱除的装置，包括：一种用于粉尘颗粒的双极荷电凝并装置、用于烟道飞灰的双极荷电-磁增强湍流凝并装置、用于烟道气除尘的双极荷电-旋风分离装置和工艺和一种基于双极荷电凝并的空气净化器。