辽河口湿地盐沼植被演替过渡带动态对人类活动的响应研究

The progress of the salt marsh vegetation succession occurred in the estuarinewetland is the result of the dual action of natural factors and human activities.The phenomenon of the degradation of salt marsh vegetation was caused by human activities such as coastal zone development. It made loss of function occurred in the habitat, diminished the biodiversity. The environment problems areincreasingly prominent. How to identify the response between the salt marsh vegetation succession and human activities quantificationally. It has become the key scientific problems of solving the management and adjustment of the coastal human development activities. The Great changes have taken place on the vegetation landscape pattern caused by human activity development. It was found by the applicants through the analysis of the changes of landscape pattern occurred in the Liao River estuary. Given all this, the wetland of Liao River estuary will be chose as the study object in the project. Analyze the dynamic changing process of the transitional zone of salt marsh vegetation succession occurred at the wetland of Liao River estuary in the recent 50 years by means of the historical data collection, field investigations, remote sensing techniques, spatial analysis,canonical correspondence analysis (CAA), etc. Identify the natural control factorsof the transitional zone of vegetation succession. Establish the response relationship of transitional zone of the vegetation succession and human activities by means of the natural control factors. Reveal the internal relation among the transitional zone of vegetation succession, natural control factors and human activities by building the spatial dynamic display model. Aim to provide the theoretical basis of how to protect and manage the estuarine wetland and plan the optimized layout of human exploitation activities.

河口湿地盐沼植被演替过程是自然因素和人类活动双重作用的结果。海岸带开发等人类活动导致盐沼植被出现退化现象，致使湿地栖息地功能丧失，生物多样性降低，生态环境问题日益突出。如何定量的识别盐沼植被演替的变化对人类活动的响应，成为解决海岸带人类开发活动管理与调控的关键科学问题。申请者通过对辽河口景观格局变化的分析，发现人类活动开发导致植被景观格局发生显著变化。鉴于此，本项目以辽河口湿地为研究对象，通过历史资料收集、现场调查，借助遥感技术、空间分析、典范对应分析（CCA）等方法，分析近50年辽河口湿地盐沼植被演替过渡带的动态变化过程；识别植被演替过渡带的自然控制因子；并以自然控制因子为“桥梁”，建立植被演替过渡带与人类活动的响应关系；构建空间动态显示模型，揭示植被演替过渡带-自然控制因子-人类活动要素之间的内在联系。为河口湿地的保护管理及海岸开发活动优化布局规划提供理论依据。

以辽河口为研究对象，对植被群落演替过渡带历史动态变化过程进行了研究，进一步分析了不同植被演替阶段与沉积物营养元素和沉积物的营养元素与污染物之间的内在联系，在提取研究区人类活动景观信息的基础上，分析了围填海等主要人类活动对河口区域生态敏感性的影响机制，建立了海域使用变化下的生态敏感性指数(ESI)，并分析其变化过程。为进一步识别典型河口区域生态环境问题提供了技术和方法。项目资助发表论文3篇，其中EI 1篇，核心论文2篇，待发表论文1篇，编制专著1本，参与国际会议交流1次。2名研究人员依托项目晋升了高级职称。项目投入经费20万元，全部支出，各项支出基本与预算相符。