铜-硼-铵-动物蛋白复合型木材防腐剂反应和固着机理的研究

Synthesis mechanism and fixation mechanism of copper-boron-ammonium-animal protein composite wood preservative were researched in this research project. Chelating reaction mechanism and fixation mechanism of the composite system were presented based on theoretical studies; the reaction mechanism were proved through the study and determination of molecular structure of the composite system by means of FTIR, XPS such as modern instrumental methods and chemical reaction kinetics methods; and the fixation mechanism were proved through microstructures observation by means of AFM/SEM and researches of contents and valence bond forms of copper, boron, and ammonium by means of FTIR, XPS, ICPAES of the preserved Dendrocalamus giganteus and Populus yunnanensis; then, the chelating reaction mechanism and the fixation mechanism were proved further through evaluation of the composite preservative by means of the tests and measurements of the decay, termites, leaching resistances and mechanical properties, and the establishment and application of prediction model for leaching characteristics; scientific basis and theoretical basis can be provided for preparation and application technology of the copper-boron-ammonium-animal protein composite wood preservative through the above researches.

以获知铜-硼-铵-动物蛋白复合型木材防腐剂（简称：复合体系）合成机理和对处理材的固着机理为目标，通过理论研究，提出复合体系的螯合反应机理和固着机理；采用傅立叶变换红外光谱、X射线光电子能谱等仪器分析方法和反应动力学等化学研究方法，认定复合体系分子结构，验证复合体系的螯合反应机理；通过原子力显微镜、扫描电镜等对被处理材（龙竹、滇杨）微观形貌的研究，通过FTIR、XPS、ICPAES等分析仪器对被处理材内铜、硼、铵含量、价键形态的研究，验证复合体系的固着机理；继而，通过对复合体系合成条件的研究，通过被处理材防腐、防虫试验、铜、硼流失率试验和抗流失预测模型的建立和应用、处理前后木竹材力学性能的检测和变化分析等对复合体系进行评价，进一步验证体系的螯合反应机理和固着机理；以期为铜-硼-铵-动物蛋白复合型防腐剂的制备和应用技术提供科学依据和理论基础。

探讨蛋白液化降解并与铜硼盐螯合生成复合型木材防腐剂，考察蛋白基防腐剂的合成条件以及防腐剂结构与性能。观察防腐木材微观形貌及化学特性，阐释蛋白基防腐剂在木材内的固着机制。检测并评价防腐木材的室内耐腐效果以及防腐剂的抗流失性，评价蛋白基防腐剂的防腐性能，验证复合体系防腐剂的固着机理。分析腐朽木材微观及细胞壁的局域化学特性，阐释木材的腐朽机制。. 项目研究验证了蛋白基防腐剂对木材具有良好的可处理性，渗入至木材内部后与木材主要成分（纤维素、半纤维素、木质素）发生作用，产生牢固结合从而起到长效保护。考察的纳米粒子可以引入到该蛋白基复合体系，对细胞壁渗透效果好，在细胞腔内无团聚。防腐剂能够进入到S2层与碳水化合物及木质素均发生作用，获得较好的防腐效果。. 在腐朽过程中，不仅细胞壁因发生腐烂而破损严重，细胞壁中的纤维素、半纤维素、木质素都发生改变，纤维素、半纤维素降解严重，不仅发生在次生壁，胞间层乃至细胞角隅的碳水化合物也会发生降解。同时木质素分子链也有断裂及解聚现象。木材结晶度显著下降但晶型没有发生改变。核磁共振进一步阐明腐朽过程中，木质素分子链中的β-O-4, β-5, C-C, -OCH3，醚键以及木质素-碳水化合物联结键（LCC）都发生了一定的断裂，生成低分子聚合物。综合研究证明项目开发的蛋白复合型木材防腐剂渗透性好，防腐效果佳，是一种低价高效，且环保的多功能型防腐剂。