全国轻小型无人机遥感观测组网方法研究

The UAV Remote sensing, as a necessary complement to satellite and aerial remote sensing, is developping rapidly in recent years. It has become the main way to obtain the remote sensing data with super high spatial resolution (centimeter level) and high temporal response (hour level) and the key to realize revolutionary change of spatial information industry. UAV remote sensing is not only widely used in the traditional remote sensing field such as forestry, agriculture, survey and mapping, but also applied to oil and gas pipeline monitoring, high way patrol, express transportation and so on. In comparing with traditional satallite and manned aircraft remote sensing, the UAV remote sensing has the characteristics of getting spatial information very fast, near the real-time, with super high spatial resolution, which make it suitable to meet the requirements of national ecological monitoring, erthquake relief and rescue. Due to the limitation of hardware and software, the single UAV usually can not conduct large area observation, so that many UAVs should work together to complete a task. In order to meet the natioanl major requirements of UAV data, we propose to build a natial small UAV remote sensing resource deployment relying on ecological system observation stations in the field. Through the effective deployment of UAV resources, we can realize the rapid and accurate observation for the specific application all over our country.

近年来无人机遥感技术迅速发展，作为卫星遥感与航空遥感的必要补充，无人机遥感是当前和未来获取厘米级超高空间分辨率和小时级响应遥感数据的主要途径，是实现空间信息产业革命性变革的关键所在。目前无人机遥感不仅广泛应用于林业、农业、测绘、抗震救灾等传统遥感领域，而且还应用于油气管线、高速公路监测、快递运输等领域。与传统卫星和有人机遥感相比，无人机遥感具有空间信息获取实时快捷、机动灵活、空间分辨率高的特点，对于全国高精度的生态环境监测、抗震救灾、救援指挥等应急需求具有传统遥感难以比拟的优势。单个无人机由于其自身软硬件条件的限制，通常无法满足日益复杂的多样化探测需求，需要多无人机协同工作，共同完成任务。为了满足国家无人机遥感观测的重大应用需求，本项目提出构建全国轻小型无人机遥感观测资源部署方案，需依托遍布全国的生态系统野外观测台站，通过对无人机资源的有效部署，实现面向全国重大应用的快捷、精确的遥感观测。

近年来无人机遥感技术迅速发展，无人机遥感是当前和未来获取厘米级超高空间分辨率和小时级响应遥感数据的主要途径。单个无人机由于其自身软硬件条件的限制，通常无法满足日益复杂的多样化探测需求。为了满足国家无人机遥感观测的重大应用需求，本项目提出依托遍布全国的生态系统野外观测台站，构建全国轻小型无人机遥感观测资源部署方案，通过对无人机资源的有效部署，实现面向全国重大应用的快捷、精确的遥感观测。研究先后进行了基于“主中心-分中心-野外观测台站”三级架构的无人机组网体系、面向洪涝灾害应急监测、生态资源监测、国土安全监测等具体应用的无人机空港布局方法、空港无人机资源优化配置方法以及无人机系统组网观测任务规划技术等研究。项目共产出文章27篇(其中SCI文章有14篇)，专利3项，软著5项，标准3项，专著1部。完成任务书指标。项目成果“中科天网”由星球时空运营，并在天津宝坻无人机验证场值班运营，对进入验证场的无人机进行监控和记录。以验证场作为组网节点，通过规划建设骨干组网节点，制定了标准和规范，形成了核心服务网，面向生态、环保、灾害等领域开展引导和支撑，取得很好的社会效益，主要体现包括：1）带动中科院立项支持全国生态研究无人机观测网研究，纳入“十四五”发展规划；2) 带动国防科工局立项支持遥感卫星真实性检验遥感网并形成无人机遥感验证场核心网；3）推动民航局在此基础上开展首批民航无人航空器实验基地/试验区网建设，项目负责人担任专家组长；4）推动地方无人机创新和产业化高地建设，包括：成立天津无人机研究院，建设无人机综合验证场，得到天津市智能制造专项立项支持；4）建立鄱阳湖应用基地，建设验证场和产业化企业。