新疆叶蝉类害虫卵寄生蜂资源调查及其寄生生物学研究

Leafhoppers such as Zygina salina Mit., Ezythroneura apicahs (NaWa) and Cicadella viridis Linnaeus etc. are major pests of agriculture , forestry and fruit growing in Xinjiang because of their ability to vector the lethal xylem-dwelling plant bacterium, which bring serious damage to the crops and fruits. The present control mainly depends on cultivation and pesticides. Most of the egg parasitoids of leafhopper belong to superfamily Chalcidoidea, especially the two families, Trichogrammatidae and Myamridae, they are common and effective natural enemies of many important agriculture pests, and play an important role in controlling of potential pest outbreaks and maintaining ecological balance. But the resource of leafhopper's natural enemy especially egg parasitoids are not completely clear, Few resources investigation of leafhopper's egg parasitoids in Xinjiang. This project will be based on the previous works, focus on biological control of leafhopper pests in Xinjiang. Surveys of egg parasitoids of leafhoppers in main crop fields (corn, rice etc.) and orchards (grape, jujube etc) will be conducted , as results, the egg parasitoids will be identified and described, and resource and distribution of leafhopper's egg parasitoids as well as biological characters of 2-3 egg parasitoids species in Xinjiang will be found out. All these research results will provide the scientific information in biological control of leafhopper pests of agriculture and forestry and fruit growing in Xinjiang.

叶蝉类害虫（玉米三点斑叶蝉Zygina salina Mit.、葡萄斑叶蝉Ezythroneura apicahs (NaWa)、大青叶蝉Cicadella viridis Linnaeus等）给新疆农业和林果业带来了严重的危害，目前的防治措施多以栽培防治和药剂防治为主。叶蝉卵寄生蜂中大多数为小蜂，是农作物重大害虫的天敌，对控制潜在害虫的爆发，维护生态平衡具有重要作用。但我们对叶蝉天敌的家底还不是完全清楚，对于新疆叶蝉卵寄生蜂资源的整体调查仍处于少人问津的局面。 本项目针对新疆叶蝉类害虫的生物防治，拟在新疆主要农林作物（玉米、水稻、葡萄、红枣等）地带选点深入调查叶蝉的卵寄生蜂资源，准确鉴定描述卵寄生蜂种类，进行分类学研究； 查明新疆寄生于叶蝉类害虫的卵寄生蜂资源和地理分布的特点；研究2-3种主要卵寄生蜂的寄生生物学特性,为此类昆虫的生物防治应用提供科学依据。

叶蝉是世界包括中国在内农林作物的重要害虫。在新疆主要有玉米三点斑叶蝉Zyginidia eremita Zachvatkin、大青叶蝉Cicadella viridis (Linnaeus)及葡萄阿小叶蝉Arboridia (Arboridia) kakogawana (Matsumura)三种叶蝉严重危害新疆地区玉米、葡萄等主要作物。近年来，主要采用物理和化学防治等手段，对环境及作物的安全造成了负面影响。因而寻找叶蝉的天敌尤其是卵寄生蜂，对于进行害虫生物防治、维护食品安全、保护环境具有重要意义。.本研究针对新疆上述三类叶蝉害虫的卵寄生蜂研究极其薄弱的现状，于2013年到2017年对新疆三种害虫的大量发生地进行了广泛深入地调查。取得的主要结果如下：.1. 三种叶蝉在新疆的发生规律和危害情况: 通过在新疆玉米、葡萄等作物田间叶蝉大发生区普查，结合定点调查，查明了玉米三点斑叶蝉、葡萄阿小叶蝉和大青叶蝉在新疆的发生规律，对三种叶蝉的形态特征、发育历期和年生活史进行了详细的研究。.2. 三种叶蝉的卵寄生蜂资源及分类研究：总计发现卵寄生蜂7种，包括2新种和1中国新纪录种。其中玉米三点斑叶蝉卵寄生蜂1种，玉米叶蝉缨翅缨小蜂Anagrus (Anagrus) dmitrievi Triapitsyn & Hu；葡萄阿小叶蝉卵寄生蜂4种，优势寄生蜂为吐鲁番缨翅缨小蜂Anagrus (Anagrus) turpanicus Triapitsyn & Hu；大青叶蝉卵寄生蜂2种，优势寄生蜂为长角柄翅缨小蜂Gonatocerus longicornis Nees，对上述3种优势寄生蜂的形态分类进行了研究。.3.三种叶蝉的优势卵寄生蜂生物学和寄生行为特性：对玉米叶蝉缨翅缨小蜂、吐鲁番缨翅缨小蜂和长角柄翅缨小蜂的发育历程、寄生率、羽化率、寄生行为、交配行为、产卵行为、性比、寿命等生物学特性进行了研究。.研究结果为丰富我国主要害虫寄生性天敌资源、进一步保护利用卵寄生蜂资源，用生物防治方法控制叶蝉的发生危害提供了基础数据和实践指导，具有重要的理论和实践意义。