纤维基无机粒子/导电聚合物三维复合材料的可控制备与储能性能研究

In order to satisfy the demand to electrode materials for flexible supercapacitors of low cost and high energy storage，the project will fabricate three-dimensional network composites with a hierarchical controllability and porous distribution characteristics, combining the electrochemical capacitance performance of nanometer inorganic particles and conductive polymers with the microstructural characteristics of the textile fibers, through in-situ methods such as layer-by-layer assembly, sol-gel processing, solvothermal synthesis, electrochemical deposition technique and so on.The preparation conditions, for example, the variety and weaving structure of the textiles, the type and morphology of inorganic particles and complex ways on the structures and morphologies of composite materials will be investigated, and the formation mechanisms of open-space network structures made of fibers, inorganic particles and conductive polymers will be discussed.The composite effects and performance coupling mechanisms produced by electrochemically active substances will be analysized, and the relationships between interface effects due to different compositions, composite modes in the complex systems and ion/electron transportations will be clarified. The electrochemical capacitive behaviors of the electrode materials will be studied and the correlations of composite composition, preparation method and condition, morphological structure and electrochemical property will be revealed. These above will lay the foundation for the development and design of novel capacitors with high energy, high power density and longevity, and provide the scientific basis for improving the relevant theories of composite materials.

为满足低成本高储能柔性超级电容器对电极材料的要求，本项目拟将纳米无机粒子、导电聚合物电化学电容性能和纺织纤维的微结构特质相结合，采用逐层组装、溶胶-凝胶、溶剂热生长与电化学沉积等原位技术，构筑具有分级可控与多孔分布特征的三维连通网络结构复合材料；考察纤维种类和织造结构、无机粒子种类与形态、复合方式等制备条件对复合材料结构与形貌的影响，探讨由纤维、无机粒子、导电聚合物构建的开放空间网络结构形成机理；分析电化学活性物质产生的复合效应及性能耦合机制，阐明复合体系中不同组成、不同复合方式所致的界面效应与离子传输、电子传递之间的关系；研究电极材料的电化学电容行为，揭示复合材料组成成分、制备方法和条件、形态结构和电化学性能间的相关性，为开发与设计高能量密度、高功率密度、长寿命的新型电容器奠定基础，为完善复合材料相关理论提供科学依据。

随着可穿戴/便携式电子产品的发展，柔性储能器件成为研究热点。以纤维材料为能量存储单元的载体，通过导电纳米结构物质在其表面的组装形成轻质电极，便于与服装集成而成为一种发展柔性储能器件的重要途径。本项目以纤维材料的表面修饰、碳纳米管的官能化与分散、金属氧化物/碳纳米管与金属氧化物/碳纳米纤维的制备等研究为基础，利用化学和电化学聚合方式原位沉积构筑了具有丰富三维多孔结构的系列复合电极材料，结构中导电聚合物在无机粒子与纤维表面与界面生长形成导电连通网络。通过研究揭示了温和条件下双金属氧化物在碳纳米管表面原位生长的形貌控制规律；获知了不同聚合方式下导电聚合物的限制生长对空间多孔结构的影响规律；阐明了无机粒子的表面官能化与表面活性剂的种类对形成纤维基无机粒子/导电聚合物三维复合材料的关键协同作用；分析了电活性物质组分/结构耦合效应对提高质量/面积比电容和改善电极循环稳定性的内在耦合机制；将溶剂热法、模板聚合、界面聚合、脉冲电位法等原位技术引入柔性纤维基电极设计中，阐释了特殊结构形成机理、可控合成方法和规律，为其产业化制备提供了理论参考与技术依据。研究丰富了对复合电极中界面结构与材料性能的理解，为突破柔性电极的高能量密度和轻量化等关键技术提供了有效途径，为设计与开发微型化高效驱动电源提供了科学依据。