克隆与非克隆植物种群的亲缘等级结构对种内和种间关系影响及机制研究

The impacts of kinship hierarchical structure of the clonal and non-clonal plant populations on the intra- and interspecific relations were comparatively studied. Using the methods of experimental ecology, the overall performance of the neighboring individual plants with identical kinship hierarchies and the different types of groups established in different ways, as well as the degree of agreement between these performance and some of the main theories were studied at the kinship hierarchical gradients at and below and above the level of species and in the series habitats at the environmental gradients, aiming to provide experimental evidence for in-depth understanding and analyzing the basic patterns, dynamics and mechanisms of intra- and interspecific relations, and provide important theoretical reference for analyzing the mechanism of formation of plant community structure. The particularity of the kin interactions at different levels and their effects on intra- and interspecies relations in clonal plant species with relative particular kinship hierarchical structure were studied. The effects of kinship hierarchical structure of two types of natural plant community on the comprehensive performance of the communities in general and the typical individuals were explored. The possible mechanisms of specific interactions among neighboring plants with different kinship hierarchies were comprehensively studied from different aspects. This study has special theoretical values and also will provide guidance for cultivation of various types of plants, especially the economic plants, establishment the population and community, and enhancement of the production, from the viewpoint of kinship structure.

以克隆和非克隆植物这两类亲缘等级结构差异很大的植物为对象，对比研究其种群的亲缘等级结构对种内和种间关系的影响。采用实验生态学方法，在种以下和种以上水平的亲缘等级梯度上和环境资源梯度的系列生境中，分别研究具有相同亲缘等级的相邻植物个体和以不同方式组建的不同类型植物群体的综合表现及其与一些主要相关理论间的吻合程度，为深入理解和分析植物种内和种间关系的基本格局、动态和机制提供实验证据，进而为分析群落结构的形成机制提供重要理论参考。研究亲缘等级结构较为特殊的克隆植物在不同层次上的亲缘相互作用的特殊性及其对克隆植物种内、种间关系的影响效应，并探究两类自然群落的亲缘等级结构对群落总体和其中典型个体的综合表现的影响。从多个方面综合研究不同亲缘邻体植株间发生特异性相互作用的可能机制。这一研究不仅具有理论意义，还可以从亲缘结构的角度为各类植物(特别是经济植物)的种植和群体构建以及提升产量提供实践指导。

1研究了不同亲缘水平谷子个体植株间的相互作用。在根系隔离与否条件下，研究邻株身份、种植密度和土壤养分水平交互作用对谷子与邻株间相互作用的影响。发现谷子与近缘植株为邻时，株间竞争减弱，适合度增加，且地下竞争信号或地上下竞争信号共同发挥作用，环境因子影响谷子亲缘相互作用，但谷子与远缘种为邻时竞争增强。2在同一克隆分株根系彼此隔离条件下，分株间整合和非整合以及生境均质和异质、N/P养分水平及资源梯度次序条件对结缕草克隆生长影响显著。3研究了基于土壤氮磷比的均质和异质生境内结缕草在同一克隆分株间根系彼此隔离情况下生理整合的生长代价和收益。设置3种N/P养分水平，在同克隆分株间根系彼此隔离情况下，对结缕草克隆植株的匍匐茎实施4种切断处理。发现克隆整合作用与生境N/P密切相关，且在克隆整合时间变化时，克隆植株存在不同程度的生长代价与收益。4研究了同一基因型结缕草克隆植株在两种养分水平条件下分株生根比例及排布方式对其克隆生长的影响。发现在养分贫瘠生境内，分株生根比例变化显著影响克隆植株的总生物量，而在养分丰富生境内影响不显著；分株生根比例变化对结缕草克隆植株生物量投资分配有较大影响，在分株生根比例较小时，匍匐茎生物量投资显著增加。5研究了三种芳香植物不同亲缘水平邻株间的相互作用及其对挥发性有机化合物释放的影响。设置三个亲缘水平，发现三种芳香植物都具有识别邻株损伤化学信号的能力，受损植株与未受损植株间亲缘关系影响到未受损伤植株部分化合物的释放。6研究了养分水平和不同身份邻株相互作用对三种植物克隆生长的影响。发现在克隆分株根系不同程度隔离条件下，邻株间亲缘水平影响三种克隆植物的克隆生长特征。