多功能协同作用的防污涂料及其配套防腐涂料研究

The marine biofouling has been a world-wide issue in affecting the persistent operation of marine equipments due to the complexity of the marine environment and the diversity of fouling organisms. The new type of material without biocides has become a hot spot which can achieve antifouling by the functionality of the material itself, such as antifouling coatings based on superhydrophobic properties, antifouling coatings with hydrogel properties, etc. However, these materials are difficult to achieve long-term practical effect owing to their relatively simple function. In this proposed project, on the basis of zinc/copper acrylate resin that decorated by capsaicin derivatives in side chains, the multi-functional synergistic resin combining inhibiting bioadhesive properties, superhydrophobic properties, hydrophilicity properties as well as self-polishing properties will be synthesized by introducing hydrophobic and hydrophilic groups into the above resin. The antifouling mechanism of the resin will be explored by the study of comprehensive performance and complex technology of the resin, integrating with indoor and offshore performance evaluation. The anticorrosion performance of the supporting anticorrosion coatings and adhesion property bonding with antifouling coatings will be improved though effective modification of epoxy resin by organic silicon chain and the organic fusion with polyaniline nanofibers. It is expected to provide theoretical and technical supports for the development of high performance antifouling coatings based on the properties of the materials and their supporting anticorrosion coatings.

海洋环境的复杂性与污损生物的多样性使得海洋生物污损与腐蚀一直是影响海洋装备高效服役的世界性难题。不使用防污剂仅通过材料自身的功能性实现防污的新型材料已成为研究热点，如基于超疏水特性的防污涂料、具有水凝胶特性的防污涂料等。但因这些材料作用机制相对单一，难以达到长效的实用效果。本项目拟在已有侧链悬挂辣素功能结构丙烯酸锌/铜树脂的基础上，通过疏水性结构、亲水性基团的引入，设计合成融合抑制生物附着性能、超疏水性能、亲水性能以及自抛光性能于一体的多功能协同作用的树脂。通过树脂综合性能、复配技术的研究，结合室内与海上性能评价探究该类树脂的防污作用机制；通过有机硅链段对环氧树脂的有效改性及与聚苯胺纳米纤维的有机融合，提升配套防腐涂层的防腐性能和与防污涂层的层间附着性能，研究其防腐性能和机理，为研发基于材料自身特性的高性能防污涂料及其配套防腐涂料提供理论和技术支持。

本项目针对当前新型防污材料作用机制单一、难以达到长效应用效果的问题，借助树脂的多功能化来实现有效解决。通过自由基聚合共合成出10种融合抑制生物附着性能、疏水性能、自抛光性能等于一体的自身具有防污性能的多功能协同作用树脂，通过室内与实海性能评价筛选出4种综合性能优异的多功能树脂，该树脂实海挂板6个月时涂层表面附着的藤壶在12个月时几乎全部消失，证明树脂涂层表面特殊的物理、化学性质使得污损生物即使粘附上去也附着不牢。基于上述多功能树脂制备了不含防污剂防污涂料，结合室内与实海性能评价进行了配方体系优化，其中优选的2种不含防污剂防污涂料浅海挂板24个月无生物污损，并通过了8个周期的动态加速试验，证明其防污性能优异，实船试验进一步证实了基于多功能树脂的防污涂料其防污机制不同于依赖防污剂毒杀实现防污效果的传统防污涂料。获得了保护效果优越的聚苯胺纳米纤维-有机硅改性环氧树脂-锌粉厚膜型复合防腐涂料体系，其固含量可达90%以上，1次涂刷膜厚可达200微米以上，且与防污面漆具有良好的接结性，可免去中间连接漆而与防污面漆直接配套使用。. 发表SCI源刊论文20篇，申请中国发明专利8项。培养出站博士后2名，毕业博士研究生5名，毕业硕士研究生7名，在读博士3名，在读硕士4名。参加国际学术交流2次并作报告2次，参加国内学术交流1次并作报告2次。. 总之，本项目的顺利完成为研发基于材料自身特性的不含防污剂的高性能防污涂料及其配套防腐涂料提供了理论、技术及关键基础材料的支持，为推动我国的防污涂料技术水平向国际发展先进行列迈进提供了重要支撑。