分布式天波超视距雷达海杂波特性预估方法研究

Skywave over-the-horizon radar is an important equipment of the big sovereign powers to maintain national interests, and the distributed structure is one of future development direction. For a long period, the skywave radar has difficulty in detecting ship under the background of sea clutter, and it is difficult to apply the existing sea clutter model established in ground wave propagation mode to the skywave radar sea clutter suppression. Therefore, this project will be carried out to study the predicting methods of sea clutter characteristics in skywave propagation mode, establish a more accurate sea clutter model for distributed skywave radar and analyze the sea clutter characteristics.. Firstly, the characteristics of distributed skywave radar will be analyzed, on this basis appropriate analytic method and numerical algorithm will be selected to study the sea surface geometry modeling and electromagnetic scattering predicting in skywave propagation mode. Then the predicting methods will be verified with the existing experimental data. Finally, the sea clutter model will be established and perfected and the sea clutter characteristics will be analyzed by combining the predicting results with the influence of ionosphere and the visualization of sea echo spectrum.. In this project, a new method of sea clutter characteristics predicting will be explored which has important scientific significance. On the other hand, a more accurate sea clutter model will be established which will provide a theoretical basis for the target detection algorithm selection and sea clutter suppression of skywave radar and has important military application value..

天波超视距雷达是当今主权大国维护国家权益的重要装备，分布式体制是其发展方向之一。长期以来，天波雷达面临海杂波背景下舰船目标检测的困难，而现有地波模式下建立的海杂波模型难以应用至天波雷达海杂波抑制。为此，本项目拟开展天波模式下海杂波特性预估方法研究，针对分布式天波雷达建立更准确的海杂波模型并分析海杂波特性。. 本项目首先分析分布式天波雷达的工作特点，在此基础上选择合适的解析法和数值法开展天波模式下海面几何建模和电磁散射特性预估研究；然后基于已有的高频雷达实验数据进行预估方法验证；最后在预估结果的基础上结合电离层的影响和海面回波谱的可视化分析建立并完善海杂波模型，分析海杂波特性。. 本项目一方面将探索解析/数值法联合求解的海杂波特性预估新方法，具有重要的科学意义；另一方面将建立更准确的海杂波模型，可为天波雷达目标检测算法研究和海杂波抑制提供理论依据，具有重要的军事应用价值。

分布式天波超视距雷达海杂波特性预估方法对于准确建立海杂波模型、探索海杂波抑制具有重要意义。课题在分析分布式天波雷达工作特点的基础上，就天波传播模式下海面高频电波散射问题展开了深入系统的研究。主要工作内容包括：.（1）针对高频电波海面电磁散射的不同求解方法，研究了相应的海面建模方法。.（2）针对分布式天波超视距雷达体制，提出了基于微扰法和快速多极子法进行海面高频电波散射特性预估。.（3）基于微扰法和快速多极子法建立了天波传播模式下的海面非后向散射模型。.（4）利用特殊情况下（地波传播模式下）的经典理论和文献结果，验证了微扰法和快速多极子法用于分布式天波超视距雷达海杂波建模和特性分析的可行性和有效性。