多物理场下融合消声和催化功能的汽车尾气热电发电系统特性研究

The waste heat recovery and utilization of automotive exhaust has a great impact on the realization of energy saving and emission reduction in China, which also has important engineering value on the understanding of automotive thermoelectric power generator system. This project aims at establishing an integrated thermoelectric power generator system combined with muffler and catalytic converter, considering the high-efficient integration, lightweight design and compatibility on the thermoelectric power generator system in automotive exhaust system. Internal heat transfer mechanism and characteristics of the integrated thermoelectric system channel are carried out. The interaction of muffler function, catalytic function and thermoelectric power generator function under multi-physical field, and design ideas and methods of different levels and the relationship of the work are proposed. Expounding the waste heat recovery and transferring technology of the new integrated automotive thermoelectric power generator system, clearing internal relations and interaction rules of the integrated thermoelectric power generation system under physical field under multi-physical field action, which to solve the compatibility issues between the three parts, and reveal the mechanism of the integration of the thermoelectric power generator system combined with muffler and the catalytic converter. Under the condition of ensuring the normal operation of the engine and exhaust gas system, the integration, lightening and practicability of automotive exhaust thermoelectric generator system can be realized, and the utilization of energy for twice will be realized.

汽车尾气废热回收与利用对实现我国汽车节能减排有着重大影响，对车载热电发电系统的认识有重要的工程价值。本项目以建立融合消声功能和催化功能的一体化汽车尾气热电发电系统为研究对象，以热电发电系统在车载排气系统上的高效集成、轻量化设计和兼容型匹配为目标，分别开展集成消声、催化和热电功能的热电发电系统废热通道内部传热机理特性，多物理场作用下消声功能、催化功能与热电发电功能的相互作用规律，以及一体化热电发电系统的设计思路和设计方法等不同层次且相互关联的研究工作。阐明新型一体化车载热电发电系统尾气废热的收集与传递技术，明晰多物理场作用下车载一体化热电发电系统消声、催化和热电功能内在联系及相互作用规律，解决三者之间的兼容性问题，揭示融合消声和催化功能的一体化汽车尾气热电发电系统的设计机理。在保证发动机及其排气系统正常工作的情况下，实现汽车尾气热电发电系统的一体化、轻量化和车载实用性，实现能源的二次利用。

本课题根据三年的研究计划和预期目标，结合我国在热电材料及器件技术方面的研究与开发成果，针对热电器件在汽车尾气排放系统中应用的特殊服役环境和服役条件展开环境适应性研究，开展了汽车尾气废热收集和传递技术，热电转换、回收与存储(热电回收与能量管理技术)、利用技术，热电转换器的车载环境兼容性技术研究，取得系列的研究与开发成果，开发出两套具有自主知识产权的新型高效热电转换器。在此基础上，成功完成了两套热电发电示范车整体方案设计，并构建了示范轿车基于热电的新型车载42V电源系统和新型热电发电装置，并以此为基础，提出了一种低度混合动力驱动系统与控制策略，实现了尾气热电发电示范轿车的系统设计与优化集成。通过多物理场耦合的理论分析与建模、计算机仿真、台架与实车试验，完成了项目任务书规定的研究与开发任务，示范轿车猛士整车发电量突破960W，降低油耗13%。示范商用车天龙整车发电量突破1131W，降低油耗3.8%。