机电产品绿色设计理论及方法

Green design is a key technique to achieve the sustainable manufacturing industry, which is the front line of manufacturing science. During three years of study, the research group analyzes a number of typical electromechanical products and a lot of research findings. On the basis of the analysis, the research group further studies the theory and methods of green design and gets the following achievements..1) Having built design model of green product. Aimed to the typical electromechanical products, the properties and impact factors in product's life cycle are analyzed and the model of green design is built from the different aspect. In green design model, product life cycle model illustrates the relationship between product and its life cycle activities. Process model reflect the steps forming a design solution. Information model describes the information constitutions and distribution of product and its life cycle activities. Integrated model describes how to use the information of product's life cycle in design process to achieve an optimized green design..2) Having built the indices architecture of green design solution assessment and presented the corresponding to assessment methods. According to ISO14040 series and the features of the electromechanical products, the research group builds the indices architecture of green design solution assessment and proposes an assessment method named product life cycle assessment based on product system. In the method, fuzzy clustering is used to select reference products, the Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) is used to define the weight between the indices, the fuzzy theory and axiomatic design is used to assess the different indices..3) Having sorted and formed the guidelines and criteria for green design. The research team has induced a set of guidelines and criteria to instruct green design through disassembling the typical electromechanical products (e.g. air condition, refrigerator, engine of automobile etc.), surveying the production fileds and analyzing the new research findings in the world..4) Having developed a software prototype for green design platform. The prototype system can provide design guidelines for designer and can achieve the processes of green design on the theory, such as selecting primary solutions, the assessment greenness and selection of material, life cycle assessment, green package design and maintainability assessment and product's disassembly and recycling path plan and so on. The green design platform can testify the correctness of the above theories..5) Combining the requirements of market, some characteristic researches are carried out. For example, aimed at the issue about the disposal of e-wastes, the recycling process of PCB is researched and the process is applying for patent. Aimed at the issue about the difficulty and high cost of the disassembly of the electromechanical, a disassembly path plan is built, which is helpful not only to assess the disassembliability of design, but also to achieve the disassembly process design of product.

本课题拟结合汽车和制冷设备等典型机电产品，从系统观点出发，对产品全生命周期绿色设计理论和方法及其工具进行研究；提出了由产品的功能性、经济性和对环境的友好性三者所组成的绿色产品综合评价体系；并在此基础上，将研究成果和生产实际相结合，通过工程应用进行验证和完善，进而总结出绿色设计理论体系，从而保证绿色设计理论的正确性和实用性。该课题的研究对学科发展、绿色制造模式的实施以及绿色产品设计具有重要的现实意义，对改善生存环境和实现制造业的可持续发展也将产生深远的影响。