信号分子AI-2对厌氧氨氧化菌颗粒化过程的调控机理与控制策略

Anaerobic ammonium oxidation (Anammox) has broad application prospects due to its high efficiency and low energy consumption. However, the slow growth rate and sensitivity to environmental conditions of Anammox bacteria make Anammox reactors face “slow startup, hard run” problems, which restricts the application of Anammox process. Taking advantage of aggregation of Anammox biomass to make them granulated is an effective solution to this problem. As a cell signal transducing system, quorum sensing (QS) has been proved to be involved in the formation of biofilm. Then, does QS play an important role in the granulation of Anammox bacteria? Our previous studies have shown that Autoinducer-2 (AI-2) exists extensively within Anammox reactors. This project plans to reveal the regulatory effects and molecular mechanism of AI-2 mediated QS on the granulation of Anammox bacteria using high-throughput sequencing and multi-omics analysis. Further, the effects of AI-2 activating factor (Boron) on the granulation of Anammox bacteria will be investigated, and the control strategy by adding boron into the reactor will be developed to promote the formation of Anammox granules. The results will provide theoretical guidance and technical support to solve the “slow startup, hard run” problems of Anammox reactor.

厌氧氨氧化（Anammox）工艺因其高效低耗的优势，应用前景广阔。目前，限制其推广应用的主要瓶颈在于Anammox菌生长速率缓慢以及对环境条件敏感所导致的工艺启动时间长，且运行不稳定。利用Anammox菌易于团聚的特点，促进其颗粒化是解决这一问题的有效途径之一。群体感应（QS）作为一种细胞信号传导机制，已被证实参与生物膜的形成。那么，QS是否在Anammox菌颗粒化过程中起调控作用？我们前期研究显示，第二类信号分子（AI-2）广泛存在于Anammox反应器中。基于此，本项目拟以AI-2为切入点，通过基于高通量测序的多组学联合分析，揭示AI-2介导QS在Anammox菌颗粒化过程中的调控作用及分子机理；进一步考察AI-2活化因子（硼）对Anammox菌颗粒化过程的影响，并构建加硼促进Anammox颗粒污泥形成的控制策略，为解决Anammox反应器“启动慢，运行难”问题提供理论指导与技术支持。

厌氧氨氧化（Anammox）工艺因其高效低耗的优势，应用前景广阔。目前，限制其推广应用的主要瓶颈在于Anammox菌生长速率缓慢以及对环境条件敏感所导致的工艺启动时间长，且运行不稳定。利用Anammox菌易于团聚的特点，促进其颗粒化是解决这一问题的有效途径之一。本项目研究了信号分子AI-2介导群体感应对厌氧氨氧化菌颗粒化过程的调控作用，进而提出了厌氧氨氧化菌快速挂膜策略。针对厌氧氨氧化系统内信号分子AI-2浓度低，且存在亚硝酸盐干扰的问题，优化了信号分子AI-2的检测方法，并证实了信号分子AI-2广泛存在于厌氧氨氧化反应器中。进一步考察了厌氧氨氧化反应器启动过程中脱氮效能、信号分子AI-2浓度、污泥形态以及胞外聚合物的变化规律，确定了AI-2 介导群体感应对 Anammox 菌团聚过程的调控作用，并通过高通量测序分析了Anammox菌颗粒化过程中微生物群落结构演替规律，发现绿弯菌门（Chloroflexi）对厌氧氨氧化菌的颗粒化形成具有重要作用。在此基础上，提出了投加AI-2活化因子（硼）促进厌氧氨氧化菌快速颗粒的策略，制备了硼酸交联PVA/SA凝胶球载体，可实现厌氧氨氧化菌的快速挂膜。本项目的研究成果可为解决厌氧氨氧化工艺“启动慢，运行难”问题提供理论指导与技术支持。