氨排放通量的现场实验观测理论与方法研究

Ammonia is a tracer gas, its recycling and balance in the earth system is important for climate and atmospheric environment. There is huge amount of ammonia emission in China, but uncertainty is also large in the estimate of total emission. Emission rate and emission factor characterized with Chinese conditions rely on field experiment of ammonia flux measurement. There is insufficient experiment study in China, particularly for the most important realm -- animal husbandry. And there are also theoretic and methodology problems yet to be detected in ammonia flux measurement. These are the objectives of this study. Namely, to explore and establish the theory and method of ammonia flux measurement for animal husbandry, and obtain emission factors with Chinese practice. The study will be carried out by measurement of ammonia concentration continuously in downwind of a cattle farm. Inversion method base on footprint analysis or backward dispersion modeling will be used to obtain the ammonia flux of the cattle farm. Ammonia emission factor is estimated then by a survey of the farm operation, together with the measured ammonia flux.

大气痕量物质氨（NH3）在地球系统内的循环与动态平衡对气候与环境有重要影响。我国氨排放总量巨大，但其准确估算有赖于地表向大气的氨排放通量的实验观测。氨通量实验观测面临一系列理论与方法的挑战，尤其是对氨排放的重要行业--畜牧养殖业的情况。本项目针对我国典型畜牧养殖情况开展氨通量实验观测研究，实例探讨相关理论与方法问题，为准确把握氨在陆面-大气间的交换关系打下基础。主要通过现场实验获得养殖场下风向氨浓度的连续观测资料，以印痕(footprint)分析和排放源反演方法获取整个养殖场的氨排放通量。调查养殖场生产情况，估算符合中国本土情况的氨排放因子。

本项目利用微气象学浓度观测结合印痕模式反演的方法，研究奶牛养殖场的氨排放强度。通过4年的工作，实现以下研究目标：1）建立适用于畜牧养殖氨排放的通量观测系统，包括氨浓度和湍流微气象联合观测系统，以及移动塔观测平台。2）对华北代表性平原地区（北京）典型奶牛场进行冬夏3次实际观测。3）建立印痕分析模型和浓度反演方法，实现了牛场氨排放通量的反演。项目对原计划的牛场氨排放因子的具体估算工作进度有所延缓，正在进行中。项目产出研究论文10篇（含SCI论文6篇），另有2篇投出审稿中，1篇待完稿。登记软件著作权1项，进行国际学术交流2人次，参加国内学术会议交流3次；培养（毕业）研究生5人（硕士4人，博士1人）。