基于量子图态的量子认证机制研究

In complex quantum communication networks, there exist many attacks for users such as the fake and cheat of identities, the forgery and tamper with messages, and so on. Thus it requires an authenticity-based mechanism to not only control the route of the quantum network but also guarantee its security by verifying the legitimacy of users’ identities, or confirming the integrity and the authenticity of the reliable messages. The goal of this project is to investigate the operating mechanism of quantum authentication with quantum graph states based on the combined technology of quantum graph state and quantum network in order to avoid the counterfeit of illegal users and prevent messages from being forged and tampered with. Consequently, we are required to explore the mechanism and the design of quantum authentication scheme with the security analysis and experiments based on graph states using quantum encryption algorithms. The research contents include quantum network-based communication, quantum identity authentication, quantum message authentication, quantum signature, and so on. We explore the effects of the mechanism of the quantum authentication on security and efficiency of quantum network in the viewpoints of graph theory and cryptography. Subsequently, we reveal the essential relationship of the structure and security of the quantum communication network based on graph states with quantum authentication. The exploration and research of the graph-based quantum authentication in complex quantum networks can not only provide a potential approach for the protection of messages, but also solve the problem of route selection, data control and access authorization. Therefore, it becomes an essential component of the security infrastructure for quantum networks.

在复杂量子网络通信中，用户身份的假冒与欺诈和消息的伪造与篡改等现象时常发生，为此需要完善量子网络安全机制，不但保证合法用户的可控性，而且还确保数据的完整性和真实性。鉴于上述情况，本课题利用量子图态与量子网络的融合机理，针对解决如何控制量子网络的非法用户假冒和防止数据被篡改与伪造等攻击问题探索量子安全认证机制，根据量子网络安全需要，面向量子网络阐明基于量子图态的量子认证机理、方案设计、安全性分析及其实验方案，研究内容涵盖量子网络通信、量子身份认证、量子消息认证和量子签名等。本课题利用图论和密码学的方法探索基于量子图态的量子网络的拓扑结构特征对量子安全认证的影响，揭示量子网络的物理特性对量子网络安全的内在控制机理。在复杂量子网络中开展基于量子图态的量子认证机制研究，不仅为量子网络的数据提供有效的保护手段，还能简化解决量子网络的数据访问授权问题，它属于量子网络安全体系的重要部分。

随着计算机与互联网的发展，网络通信在日常生活中变得越来越频繁。为了保证网络通信的安全性，量子通信技术应运而生。但是在复杂量子网络通信中，用户身份的假冒与欺诈和消息的伪造与篡改等现象仍然时常发生，为此需要完善量子网络安全机制，不但要保证合法用户的可控性，而且还要确保数据的完整性和真实性。对传输的消息进行加密、签名，对通信各方进行身份认证等都是保障网络通信安全的重要方法。经典的身份认证协议的安全性是基于计算数学复杂度的，如大质数分解问题，但是量子计算机的发展对经典的基于计算复杂度的协议的安全性产生了极大的威胁。因此研究更为安全的且可抵抗量子计算机攻击的量子身份认证协议是必要的。本课题利用图论和密码学的方法探索基于量子图态的量子网络安全的内在控制机理，针对解决如何控制量子网络的非法用户假冒和防止数据被篡改与伪造等攻击问题探索量子安全认证机制，并根据量子网络安全需要，面向量子网络阐明基于量子图态的量子认证机理、方案设计、安全性分析及其实验方案，研究内容涵盖量子网络通信、量子身份认证、量子消息认证和量子签名等。在复杂量子网络中开展基于量子图态的量子认证机制研究，不仅为量子网络的数据提供有效的保护手段，还能简化解决量子网络数据的访问授权问题，它属于量子网络安全体系重要部分。