沥青路面抗滑的机理与长期演化行为研究

The road pavement maintaining enough skid resistance in its life span is an essential requirement to ensure vehicle safety. To reach this achievement, it is of paramount importance for better understanding the mechanics of pavement skid resistance and its evolution in service time, which will offer innovative methodologies to improve the initial skid resistance of pavement and to mitigate the degradation problem in service. The skid resistance of dry pavement is governed by the surface texture in macro- and micro-scale of pavement, and the wet skid resistance decreases due to the lubrication of surface water film. And the water film on the surface is dependent on the drainage capacity of pavement, which is determined by the pavement surface texture, infiltration and road geometry. It is obviously that the surface texture and infiltration of pavement cannot remain constant due to the effects such as polishing, wearing and compaction caused by running vehicles. The project aims to explore the mechanism and evolution behavior of skid resistance in the life span of asphalt pavement. Based on the investigation of texture characteristics, surface run-off and tyre/road friction, a physical model for better comprehension of the skid resistant behavior of asphalt pavement in its life span will be developed together with a prediction method. Factors contributing to the level of skid resistance and its evolution rate will be explored, as well as the relationship of texture, road geometry and skid resistance of pavement. This research is believed to provide a sound theoretical background for the design, construction and maintenance of highway pavement.

路面的持久抗滑能力是确保道路全寿命周期内的行车安全的必要条件。这需要深入理解路面的抗滑机理及抗滑性能在服役期内的演化行为，并在路面设计、建造与运营阶段采取合适的措施。干燥路面的抗滑能力主要取决于路表宏观与微观纹理，潮湿路面的抗滑水平则还与路面水膜厚度关系密切；路面的水膜厚度与其排水能力关系密切，后者主要受路表纹理、道路几何线形及路面透水特性等控制；而沥青路面的纹理与透水性在服役期间并非定值。本项目旨在研究沥青路面全寿命周期内的抗滑行为，通过对纹理特征、路表水流动规律与胎/路摩擦的研究，建立路面抗滑行为的物理建模与评价方法，确定影响路面抗滑水平与演变速度的主要影响因素，揭示路表纹理、特征道路线形与路面抗滑行为的相互关系，为路面的设计、建造与养护管理提供理论支撑。

本项目围绕沥青路面抗滑的机理与长期演化行为，通过分析路面宏/微观纹理与抗滑特性进行多尺度物理建模，采用理论分析、数值仿真、宏观与微观分析相结合的方法，揭示全寿命周期内沥青路面的抗滑特性与纹理特征和路表水膜等相互关系，并进一步分析其对行车安全的影响。通过分析不同类型沥青混凝土的表面纹理特征参数，开发了基于降维处理技术的路表纹理分析模型，通过引入密封效应与Stribeck曲线考虑薄层水膜的影响，构造可用于评估潮湿路面抗滑势的理论工具。基于水动力学理论，开发求解了用于描述路面流体时空运动规律的二维浅水方程组与孔隙率浅水方程组的算法程序。设计路面加速磨光试验方法，提出沥青路面抗滑性能的演化模型。进一步，通过对纹理特征、路表水流动规律与胎/路摩擦的研究，建立路面抗滑行为的物理建模与评价方法，确定影响路面抗滑水平与演变速度的主要影响因素，揭示路表纹理、特征道路线形与路面抗滑行为的相互关系，为道路的设计与养护管理、路面材料选型与道路运营管理提供支撑。