我国北方历史时期人地关系相互作用机制

Abstract The ecological transition zone and cultural transition zone of the North of China spans 20 longitudes (100°E~120°E) and 10 latitudes (35°N~45°N). This region had experienced environmental changes and archaeological evolutions again and again since 8000a B.P. and is considered as an important status in Chinese civilization origin. The project focused on this region and selected two sub-regions as the key study areas. One is the area to the south and north Yanshan Mountain, including the loess area of the western Liaoning Province, Xiliaohe River Basin, mountainous area of the northern Hebei Province and the North China, the other is Ordos Plateau and the surrounding areas. The region is the farming-pastoral transition belt and sensitive to the human activities and the climate change, it is the ideal place to study the development of man-land relationships..The project was benefited from the methods and the theories of geomorphology, quaternary, ecology, environmental archaeology, and historic geography, paid attention to build the man-land model, analyze the types of man-land relationship evolution, and discuss the mechanism of man-land interaction. Taking the historical cultural landscape evolution as the main thread, the project studied the man-land relationship mainly based on the historic period, and extended upward to the early civilization formation period (up to 8000a B.P.), downward to the last 300 years..The project focused on five aspects to carry out...1..Reconstructing the environmental change in the region.Based on the former research fruits, we completed the following work. 1) Collected the samples of typical profiles to date and extracted the information of the environmental evolution. such as the chemical analysis, organic matters analysis, trace elements analysis, grain size, susceptibility, spore-pollen analysis, tree rings, and electric scan, and so on. 2) Took part in the excavation of archaeology to obtain the information of the environmental change, and fully made use of the materials of archaeology. 3) Set up the sequences of the environmental evolution to match the cultural evolution..2.Studying man-land relationship during the civilization formation period.According to the study on reconstructing the environmental change in the region, we studied relationship between the productive forces, social economic structure, style of the land use and the environmental change quantificationally and qualitatively during 8000a B.P. ~4000a B.P.. .3..Studying man-land relationship during the history This is the key study topic in this project. We finished the following work. 1) Revealed the reason why the animal husbandry boomed at 3000a B.P. in Xiliaohe River Basin, Ordos Plateau and the western Liaoning Province by comprehensive study on the environmental archaeology, ancient documents and regional paleoenvironment reconstruction. 2) Restored the distribution of the ancient cities, agriculture and animal husbandry during a special period. 3) Studied on the relationship between the style of land use and husbandry practice, productive forces in different stages. 4) Studied on the relationship between the transition of the style of husbandry practice, nationality mobility and local environment, cultural tradition..4..Studying man-land relationship over the last 300 years.Systematically restored the land use/ land cover development in the study region and assessed its influence, especially on the population increase, mobility, social regime and productive forces. Took the Ke'erqin Deserts as an example, we studied the land use/ land cover after land reclamation in the last 100 years, and assessed the capacitability of the land, rechange on the environment due to the human economic activities and the environmental influence on the human society.5.Studying the controlling mechanism of man-land relationship in north China Focusing on the land use/ land cover, set up sequences of land use/ land cover in a long time through studying the proxy indicators to assess the environmental and huma

本项目以历史文化景观的演变为主线，从文化生态学的角度研究中国北方生态过渡带地区历史时期人地关系的变化过程。充分体现了自然科学与人文科学的综合交叉，针理学与第四纪地质与地貌学、地生态学、考古学等密切合作，通过三个典型地区历史文化景观演变过程的对比研究，揭示北方生态过渡带地区历史时期人地关系变化过程的内在机制。