粘土、细菌、有机质以及介质特性等对环境介质中纳米材料迁移行为的作用

Understanding the transport behavior of nanoparticles in porous media has great significance on the contamination control, safe drinking water protection, the sustainable utilization of soil and groundwater, and sustainable development of nanotechnology. The ubiquitous presence of clay particles, microbe especially bacteria, and natural organic matter in natural environment would affect the transport behavior of nanoparticles in porous media. However, the influence of clay particles and bacteria on the nanoparticle transport has not been fully examined. The effect of natural organic matter on nanoparticle transport in heterogeneous porous media has never been explored. Moreover, the co-transport of different types of nanoparticles in porous media as well as the transport of nanoparticles in real soils have never been investigated. The lack of this knowledge will definitely limit our understanding of the transport behavior of nanoparticles in the real environment, and will also affect the implementation of nano-remediation processes of contaminated soil and groundwater. Thus, the objective of this study is to fill this gap by fully examination of the effects of clay particles and bacteria on the transport and deposition kinetics of nanoparticles. The influence of natural organic matter on transport and fate of nanoparticles in heterogeneous porous media will be also investigated. Moreover, the co-transport behaviors of different types of nanoparticles, as well as the transport and retention of nanoparticles in real soils will also be investigated. The results of study will provide new efforts not only for the safe utilization of nanoparticles, but also for the successfully implementation of nanotechnique to remediate the contaminated soil and groundwater, and thus to ensure not only the sustainable utilization of soil and groundwater, and the sustainable development of nanotechnology as well.

纳米材料在环境介质中的迁移行为是土壤与地下水污染控制与修复的重要课题。土壤与地下水等介质中普遍存在的粘土、细菌及有机质都会对纳米材料的迁移行为产生影响。然而，目前并未有研究考察游离态与沉积态粘土以及游离态细菌对多孔介质中纳米材料迁移行为的影响。有机质对纳米材料在非均质介质中迁移行为的作用也不甚清晰。此外，并未有研究报道多种纳米材料的共迁移行为及纳米材料在真实环境介质中的迁移行为。这些知识的缺失将限制我们对纳米材料在实际环境介质中的迁移行为做出正确评估。本项目拟研究粘土颗粒及微生物对纳米材料在多孔介质中的迁移行为的作用规律，探讨有机质对纳米材料在非均质多孔介质中迁移行为的影响，多种纳米材料的共迁移行为，在此基础上，初步搞清纳米材料在典型真实环境介质中的迁移行为。研究成果为土壤与地下水污染控制及高效的纳米材料修复技术提供理论指导，以促进我国土壤与地下水的可持续利用及纳米高新产业的可持续发展。

纳米材料在环境介质中的迁移行为是土壤与地下水污染控制与修复的重要课题。土壤与地下水等介质中普遍存在的粘土、微生物、有机质等都会对纳米材料的迁移行为产生影响。本项目研究了粘土颗粒对纳米材料在多孔介质中的迁移行为的作用规律，调查了生物型胶体细菌与不同粒径的非生物型胶体对纳米材料迁移行为的影响，并分析了纳米材料对不同粒径胶体迁移的作用，探讨了有机质对纳米材料在非均质多孔介质中迁移行为的影响，考察了典型纳米材料在多孔介质中的共迁移行为，明确了重力对不同密度纳米材料迁移行为的影响规律。此外，还合成了系列功能性纳米材料用于去除水体中的重金属与微生物。研究成果对于明确纳米材料在环境介质中的迁移行为及其在水质净化方面的应用具有重要的指导意义。