弹性需求下混合交通均衡分配的效率损失研究

The non-cooperation behavior of users in urban transportation network cause the efficiency loss of transportation system. Bounding the efficiency loss of traffic equilibrium assignment and the related research is one of the hot topics for the latest ten years in the domestic and foreign. To this day, most research focus on the efficiency loss with fixed demand and the role of different government policy reducing the efficiency loss. The mixed traffic equilibrium assignment with elastic demand is introduced and involved in this project's research framework, we perform a through analyze to the path choice behavior of users，we obtain the equivalence mathematical model of mixed traffic equilibrium assignment and investigated the existence, uniqueness conditions of the mathematical model solutions. Then, Based on this, by utilizing the multidisciplinary knowledge and using the methods of mathematics modeling, analytic derivation and simulation, we obtain the upper bound of the efficiency loss of mixed traffic equilibrium assignment and examine the relationships between the bounds and the network parameters. Finally, we take actual transportation network structure as the example to explore the valid control measures and management policies which can decrease the efficiency loss. It is expected that our research can improve the understanding of the inefficiency of urban transportation system, can constitute the management policy to alleviate the congestion in urban and can provide fundaments for scientifically planning and managing the urban transportation system.

城市交通网络中出行者的非合作行为造成交通系统的效率损失，界定交通均衡分配的效率损失及其相关研究是近年来学术界的热门研究之一。迄今为止，大多数研究是探讨固定需求下不同交通出行准则下的效率损失及各种管理措施在降低效率损失方面的作用。本项目将弹性需求下混合交通均衡分配引入到研究框架中，通过深入分析弹性需求混合交通网络中出行者的路径选择原则，构建刻画弹性需求下混合交通均衡分配的等价数学模型，探讨解的存在性和唯一性条件；在此基础上，综合运用多学科知识，采用数学建模、解析推导与数值模拟相结合的方法，界定弹性需求下混合交通均衡分配的效率损失上界，分析影响效率损失的因素；最后，探讨各种管理措施在降低效率损失方面的实施效果，并以实际城市为例进行实证研究。本研究有助于加深对城市交通系统效率损失的理解，有助于制定缓解城市交通拥堵的管理措施和方案，为城市交通系统实现系统最优提供坚实的理论基础和科学依据。

本研究将弹性需求下混合交通均衡分配分析引入到研究框架中。首先，通过解析推导、变分不等式方法得到了弹性需求下四类混合交通均衡分配(UE用户和CN用户、ATIS用户和利己用户、不同时间价值系数下的多用户类、自私用户和利他用户)的效率损失并讨论了相关网络参数与效率损失的关系，得到了收费机制下三类弹性需求混合交通均衡分配(UE-CN，多用户类、利己-利他)的效率损失上界。其次，进行了实证研究。再次，运用博弈论对垄断网约车平台定价等决策问题进行了探讨。最后，还分别对公平关注下闭环供应链的定价决策、再制造供应链中的定价和减排、闭环供应链中的混合回收渠道选择、多个过度自信零售商最优订货策略等决策问题进行了研究。