介孔中空SiO2微球结构对聚丙烯酸酯皮革涂饰剂水汽传递的影响机制

To solve the negative impact of coating on water vapor permeability of leather and overcome the poorer water resistance of polyacrylate leather finishing agent, it is proposed that mesoporous hollow silica spheres are introduced into polyacrylate film in this research for increasing the path and shortening the route of water vapor molecules through the film, thereby enhancing the water vapor permeability of polyacrylate film. At the same time, Pickering emulsion polymerization of acrylate monomer is realized by using mesoporous hollow silica spheres instead of traditional surfactant as stabilizer to enhance the water resistance of polyacrylate film. The effect of cationic gemini surfactant on the structure of mesoporous hollow silica spheres is studied. The influence factors of acrylate/water Pickering emulsion stabilized by mesoporous hollow silica spheres are explored. The interfacial action between mesoporous hollow silica spheres and polyacrylate during Pickering emulsion polymerization and the effect of the structure of mesoporous hollow silica spheres on properties of polyacrylate film are investigated. The mechanism of water vapor transfer of polyacrylate/mesoporous hollow silica composite film is clarifed. These works will offer a theoretical foundation for designing and synthesising leather finishing agent with excellent water vapor permeability and water resistance.

针对涂饰剂薄膜对皮革透湿性能产生的消极影响及广泛采用的聚丙烯酸酯类皮革涂饰材料耐水性差的缺陷，本研究提出利用介孔中空SiO2微球在聚丙烯酸酯薄膜中引入孔隙，增加水蒸汽分子通过涂层的路径并缩短其路程，从而提升聚丙烯酸酯薄膜透湿性的新思路。同时，以介孔中空SiO2微球为稳定剂代替传统的表面活性剂实现丙烯酸酯类单体的Pickering乳液聚合，提升聚丙烯酸酯薄膜的耐水性。研究中将探求阳离子双子表面活性剂对介孔中空SiO2微球结构的调控，寻找介孔中空SiO2微球稳定丙烯酸酯/水 Pickering乳液的影响因素，揭示采用Pickering乳液聚合的介孔中空SiO2微球与聚丙烯酸酯间的界面作用，建立介孔中空SiO2微球结构对聚丙烯酸酯薄膜性能的影响规律，最终阐明聚丙烯酸酯/介孔中空SiO2复合薄膜的水汽传递机制。该研究为研制开发具有优异透湿性能和耐水性能的皮革涂饰材料可提供理论基础。

针对涂饰剂薄膜对皮革透湿性能产生的消极影响及广泛采用的聚丙烯酸酯类皮革涂饰材料耐水性差的缺陷，本研究提出以阳离子双子表面活性剂为模板制备介孔中空SiO2微球，代替传统表面活性剂稳定丙烯酸酯类单体/水制备Pickering乳液，并聚合形成聚丙烯酸酯Pickering复合胶乳。利用介孔中空SiO2微球独特的介孔中空结构，赋予涂层优异的透湿性能，以介孔中空SiO2微球为稳定剂，避免表面活性剂的使用，提升涂层的耐水性能。研究结果表明通过模板法成功制备了介孔中空SiO2微球，改变阳离子双子表面活性剂的亲水头基、疏水链长可调控介孔中空SiO2微球的粒径、壳层厚度及壳层介孔分布等。介孔中空SiO2微球稳定Pickering乳液的机理是由液体中颗粒的总应力和从油水界面去除颗粒所需的能量共同决定的。介孔中空SiO2微球可以同步提升Pickering胶乳所成薄膜的透湿性能和耐水性能，且介孔中空SiO2微球空腔直径、壁厚和用量等对复合薄膜的透湿性能和耐水性能均有显著影响。最后，提出了聚丙烯酸酯/介孔中空SiO2微球复合薄膜的水汽传递机理。研究结果为研制开发具有优异透湿性能和耐水性能的皮革涂饰材料提供了理论基础。