超薄有序介孔高分子膜的可控制备及应用

Ordered mesoporous polymer membranes are widely used in separation, water treatment and other fields. However, the limited chemical composition and uncontrollable structure of mesoporous polymer membranes prepared by traditional micellar assembly methods are highly undesirable. In this project, we propose to develop a new general method for controllable preparation of ultra-thin ordered mesoporous polymer membranes based on a liquid-air interfacial assembly strategy. The fabrication of single-layer nanocrystal superlattice membranes can be achieved by the liquid-air interfacial assembly method, wherein the monodisperse colloidal nanocrystals acted as the "pore-forming units" and interesting polymer ligand can be grafted onto the surface of nanocrystals via the ligand exchange strategy. After the removal of nanocrystal templates, the large-area and transferable ultra-thin ordered mesoporous polymer membranes are prepared. The pore structure and chemical composition of mesoporous polymer membranes can be precisely controlled by adjusting their experimental parameters such as the size of nanocrystals, the type and length of polymer ligands. By exploring the application of ultra-thin ordered mesoporous polymer membranes in accurate screening of functional components such as nanocrystals and proteins, the effects of membrane structure, composition and surface-interface property on the separation performance can be fully revealed, resulting in the establishment of their structure-activity relationship. This project aims to provide a promising idea for the large-scale preparation and corresponding device application of ordered mesoporous polymer membranes.

介孔高分子薄膜在分离、水处理等领域有着广泛的应用。然而，传统胶束组装方法所制备的介孔高分子膜化学组成受限、结构不可控。本项目拟在气液界面组装纳米晶的基础上，发展一种可控制备超薄有序介孔高分子膜的通用新方法。我们拟以单分散的胶体纳米晶为“造孔基元”，通过配体交换策略将感兴趣的聚合物作为配体嫁接到纳米晶表面；利用气液界面组装方法，构筑单层纳米晶超晶格薄膜，去除纳米晶模板后获得大面积、可转移的超薄有序介孔高分子膜。通过调节纳米晶的尺寸、聚合物配体的种类与长度等参数，实现介孔高分子膜的孔结构与化学组成的精准调控。通过探究超薄有序介孔高分子膜在纳米晶和蛋白质等功能组分精确筛分中的应用，揭示膜结构、成分、表界面性质等对分离性能的影响规律，并建立构效关系。本项目旨在为有序介孔高分子膜的规模化制备和器件化应用提供新思路。

介孔高分子膜在膜分离等领域应用广泛，关于其制备已经开展了多年研究。然而，通过简单可控的方法制备超薄有序介孔高分子膜并实现其化学组成、结构精准可控仍然是一个巨大的挑战。本项目围绕纳米晶造孔基元和聚合物配体分子，克服介孔聚合物薄膜制备所面临的困难，基于配体交换和气液界面组装纳米晶超晶格薄膜的策略，制备结构和化学成分精准可控的超薄有序介孔高分子膜。我们通过调变纳米晶的尺寸、种类以及聚合物的种类、分子量等参数，使介孔聚合物膜同时表现出超薄厚度、高孔隙率、可调孔径和高介孔有序度等特性。在此基础上，我们进一步探索二元纳米晶作为造孔基元制备新型双介孔有序聚合物薄膜。本项目研究不仅能够解决传统方法制备介孔高分子膜的介孔孔径分布宽、介孔随机分布、薄膜成分不可控和难以实现超薄化的问题，而且为理性设计与构建新型介孔高分子膜材料奠定基础。在本项目资助下，共发表SCI论文7篇，待发表论文若干篇，参与培养高水平研究生2名。