混合炸药用新型杂环聚合物的制备及与炸药作用机制研究

Insensitivity of high energy explosive represents a very important characteristic from the standpoint of safety during manufacture, process, use, transportation, storage and handling. Polymer bonded explosive (PBX) improves the defects of the properties and processing of explosives and therefore widely used in military and civil application. Inert polymer matrices for traditional PBX affect the explosive energy release. Meanwhile it is difficult for traditional energetic polymers to balance between its compatibility with exhibit with explosive components and mechanical properties accompanying low decomposition temperature and adverse environmental stability. This project aims to develop a novel kind of energetic polymer matrices for PBX based on twisted non-coplanar structures of phthalazinone (DHPZ), with energetic azo groups. Twisted non-coplanar structures of DHPZ can suppress their quick crystallization in the explosive system to improve solubility. Adjusting the pendent groups and the structure of main chain of the polymer matrices facilitates to modify the compatibility of polymer matrices and the explosives as well as the mechanical properties of explosives. Using computer simulation technology aids to design the polymer molecular structure. The key researches focus on the interactions mechanism of DHPZ polymers and explosive components to build the relationship of the structure and properties of DHPZ polymers and explosive performances, such as mechanical properties and manufacture. Significance of the project is to explore a new way for designing polymer matrices of high energetic insensitive explosives. This research will be also used as theoretical supporting for developing other polymer materials in the explosive system in the future.

高能钝感炸药对制造、加工、使用、运输、贮存以及作战等具有非常重要的意义。高聚物粘结型混合炸药（PBX）改善了单质炸药的性能和加工等缺陷，被广泛使用。传统PBX用的惰性聚合物影响了炸药的能量释放，而传统含能聚合物与炸药的爆炸组分相容性与力学性能之间很难平衡，且耐热性能和耐环境稳定性差。为此，本项目拟采用新颖的扭曲非共平面结构的二氮杂萘酮（DHPZ）为结构单元，研究混合炸药用含叠氮基含能基团DHPZ聚合物，通过扭曲非共平面结构阻碍其在混合炸药中快速结晶，改善溶解性；通过调整聚合物链段结构和活性侧基改性聚合物与炸药相容性和力学性能。采用计算机模拟技术辅助聚合物分子结构设计，研究DHPZ聚合物与炸药爆炸组分相互作用机制，建立DHPZ聚合物结构性能对炸药力学性能、加工性能关系。本项目的意义是为高能低感炸药聚合物基质设计制备提供新方法，为今后高分子材料在炸药系统中的实际应用提供理论支持。

高能钝感炸药对制造、加工、使用、运输、贮存以及作战等具有非常重要的意义。高聚物粘结型混合炸药（PBX）改善了单质炸药的性能和加工等缺陷，被广泛使用。传统PBX 用的惰性聚合物影响了炸药的能量释放，而传统含能聚合物与炸药的爆炸组分相容性与力学性能之间很难平衡，且耐热性能和耐环境稳定性差。为此，本项目拟采用新颖的扭曲非共平面结构的二氮杂萘酮（DHPZ）为结构单元，研究混合炸药用含叠氮基含能基团DHPZ聚合物，通过扭曲非共平面结构阻碍其在混合炸药中快速结晶，改善溶解性；通过调整聚合物链段结构和活性侧基改性聚合物与炸药相容性和力学性能。采用计算机模拟技术辅助聚合物分子结构设计，研究DHPZ 聚合物与炸药爆炸组分相互作用机制，建立DHPZ 聚合物结构能对炸药力学性能、加工性能关系。本项目的意义是为高能低感炸药聚合物基质设计制备提供新方法，为今后高分子材料在炸药系统中的实际应用提供理论支持。