面向支承重构过程的车载磁悬浮飞轮转子稳定机理与控制策略研究

High-performance battery technology is currently one of the bottlenecks of new energy vehicle development. Flywheel battery with high energy density, high specific power, fast charge and discharge and other obvious advantages, is a powerful means to solve the bottleneck of vehicular battery technology. Magnetic bearings are ideal for supporting high-speed flywheel rotor flywheel, can greatly improve the performance and life of the flywheel batteries. However the harsh automotive environment will easily lead to partial failure, resulting in failure of the magnetic-levitated support, causing rotor fall and serious consequences. Adapting redundant structure, and reconfiguring the support to compensate for the loss of electromagnetic force due to the failure, may maintain the rotor stability under fault conditions continually, which can effectively improve the reliability of the flywheel battery. Existing studies have not considered the effect on reconfiguration process excited by base motion in vehicular conditions, lacking stability mechanism and control strategy of vehicular magnetic-levitated flywheel rotor in the reconfiguration process of supporting structure. The project intends to carry on the research on failure features of vehicular magnetic bearings, rotor dynamics in reconfiguration process, stability mechanism and control strategy, reveals rotor dynamics law, and establish stability control model, extending application area of magnetic bearing fault-tolerant control theory from static base to motion base field, and guaranteeing the reliability of magnetic flywheel battery applications in the field of new energy vehicles and others.

高性能动力电池技术是目前新能源汽车发展的瓶颈之一。飞轮电池具备高比能量、高比功率、快充放电等明显优势，是解决车载动力电池技术瓶颈的有力手段。磁悬浮轴承是高速飞轮转子的理想支承，能极大提升飞轮电池的性能与寿命。但车载恶劣环境易引发轴承局部故障，导致磁悬浮支承失效而使转子失稳跌落，造成严重后果；采用冗余结构，通过重构支承来补偿因失效而损失的电磁力，可在故障状况下继续维持转子稳定，能切实有效提高飞轮电池可靠性。现有研究未考虑车载工况引起的基础激励对支承重构过程的影响，缺乏面向支承重构过程的车载磁悬浮飞轮转子稳定机理与控制策略。本项目拟进行车载磁悬浮支承失效特征、重构过程的转子动力学特性、稳定机理与控制策略的研究，揭示支承重构过程中车载磁悬浮转子动力学特性规律，建立转子稳定性控制模型，将磁悬浮支承容错控制理论从静态基础拓展到运动基础领域，为磁悬浮飞轮电池在新能源汽车等领域应用的可靠性提供保障。

飞轮电池具备高比能量、高比功率、快充放电等明显优势，是解决车载动力电池技术瓶颈的有力手段。磁悬浮轴承是高速飞轮转子的理想支承，能极大提升飞轮电池的性能与寿命。但车载恶劣环境易引发轴承局部故障，导致磁悬浮支承失效而使转子失稳跌落，造成严重后果；采用冗余结构，通过重构支承来补偿因失效而损失的电磁力，可在故障状况下继续维持转子稳定，切实提高系统可靠性。.项目研究将维持磁悬浮转子在整个支承重构过程的稳定性，从以下思路进行：(1)把控重构过程的磁悬浮-转子动力学特性。支承重构过程的三个阶段存在电磁力消退-重建的过程，项目研究揭示了磁悬浮转子动力学特性规律。(2)基于上述动力学特性针对性的控制策略，建立转子稳定性控制模型，提供与过渡过程相匹配的支承特性，维持了转子在重构过程的平稳。(3)强实时性控制。项目提出了强实时性的磁悬浮轴承故障判断、支承重构控制算法研制了高带宽的执行器系统，有效实现了执行器故障情况下的支承重构。.项目研究的进展为：(1)提出了一种基于电流纹波特性的电磁执行器故障诊断方法，从故障发生到故障检测完成的时间约为3ms，具备较好的实时性与辨识精度。上述方法对于电机线圈的部分绝缘失效、短路或者断路检测皆具备较大的指导意义，能显著提升复杂电磁驱动设备的智能化水平，具备较好的理论价值与实际应用价值。(2)项目研究中提出了一种更精密的冗余支承结构下电磁力线性化方法，通过补偿转子位移电磁力偏差影响，建立了更加准确的容错控制模型。现有方法仅能在中心位置进行电磁力的解耦，而本项目提出的方法在全转子范围(+-0.25mm)皆能实现精确电磁力的解耦，将电磁力模型误差从最大400N降低到小于1N，极大的补充了现有的磁悬浮冗余支承容错控制理论，具备较大的理论创新性。(3)提出了一种基于多处理器的容错控制架构，将支承控制、自诊断与容错在统一的控制器架构中实现，并研制了控制系统的软硬件平台，对于复杂的电磁驱动系统的设计，具备较大的指导意义与实用价值。