基于电磁-涡流效应的失效卫星姿态/轨道非接触操控机理研究

Malfunctioning satellite disposal has always been a focus in the field of aerospace, but traditional contact operations are limited by many defects such as great security risks, complicated operating procedures and limited range of application. The contactless operations represented by the inter-craft electromagnetic actuator provide a new way to satellite on-orbit operations. Therefore, this program proposes a novel concept of attitude/orbit contactless operation for malfunctioning satellite based on the electromagnetic-eddy currents effects, which has wide application prospect due to its advantages of more security, operation flexibility, free control and no requirement on cooperation. Then, this program will establish the electromagnetic-eddy currents on-orbit interaction model, and find out the relationship and regularity among master-passivity magnetic fields interaction, on-orbit affecting factors and the relative motion dynamics, and investigate the mechanism and control methods of attitude/orbit contactless operation for malfunctioning satellite after integrating the special electromagnetic formation shapes design and contactless operating capacity analysis with master-passivity magnetic fields interaction. In a word, this program tries to put forward the basic principles of attitude/orbit contactless operation for malfunctioning satellite based on the electromagnetic-eddy currents effects, and deepens the systematic cognition on the contactless operation mechanism of inter-craft electromagnetic actuator under the electromagnetic-eddy currents effects, and finally provides scientific support for the innovative design of inter-craft electromagnetic actuator and technological means for malfunctioning satellite disposal.

失效卫星在轨处理是当前航天领域关注的热点问题。由于传统接触式操控方式存在安全风险大、操控流程复杂、适用范围局限等不足，以星间电磁力作用为代表的非接触式手段为卫星在轨操控提供了一种新思路。本项目从电磁感应原理出发，提出了一种基于电磁-涡流效应的失效卫星姿态/轨道非接触操控概念，具有安全可靠、操作灵活、控制自由、对目标合作性无要求等优势，发展前景广阔。通过建立电磁-涡流在轨交互作用模型，得出主控-被动磁场交互作用、在轨影响因素与卫星相对运动动力学之间的关系和规律；综合基于主控-被动磁场作用的电磁编队构型设计以及非接触卫星操控能力分析，研究失效卫星姿态/轨道非接触操控机理、策略与控制方法。通过本项目的研究，揭示基于电磁-涡流效应的失效卫星姿态/轨道非接触操控的基本原理，深化对电磁-涡流效应下星间电磁力操控机理的系统认知，为星间电磁力作用的空间任务创新以及失效卫星在轨处理提供技术手段与科学分析依据。

随着空间科学技术的发展以及应用需求的推进，以航天器对接、抓捕、维修、组装等为代表的近距离在轨操控逐渐成为航天领域关注的热点问题。特别地，失效卫星不仅占据宝贵的轨道资源，且对其他正常工作航天器带来安全风险，对失效卫星采取必要的姿态/轨道辅助修正或离轨处理，具有十分紧迫的现实意义。如何解决传统接触式操控方式安全风险大、操控流程复杂、适用范围局限等问题成为近距离操控的重要命题，以星间电磁力作用为代表的非接触式手段为在轨操控提供了一种新思路。本项目针对基于电磁-涡流效应的失效卫星姿态/轨道非接触操控基础问题进行研究，重点研究了电磁-涡流在轨交互作用模型、稳恒磁场与交变磁场非接触作用机理、涡流磁场在轨影响因素、涡流交互下的相对运动动力学及特性、主控-被动磁场作用的操控能力与编队构型、失效卫星姿态/轨道操控非接触操控策略与方法等。通过研究可知，不同结构目标涡流分布差异较大，且内部结构涡流影响不容忽视；涡流磁场存在叠加效应，会同时生成涡流力矩和涡流力；电磁-涡流效应对自旋/翻滚目标均可实现姿态消旋，但针对不同方位消旋与相对位置影响，需要设计合理的操控模式；主控-被动磁场控制耦合严重，非接触姿轨操控问题可转化为操控星主动维持方位、距离保持和反作用效应抵消的姿轨协同控制问题，设计的控制策略能够有效实现失效卫星的6-DOF稳定操控。总之，本项目的研究成果为后续利用电磁-涡流效应开展失效卫星姿态/轨道非接触操控奠定了理论和方法基础。